论殷历纪年  

On Chronology in the Yin Calendar

作　　者：刘坦 

出　　处：《史学月刊》2016年第7期99-113,共15页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：殷历是中国战国时期形成的古代历法之一,假托以商汤十三年为纪元之首,并不等同于殷代之历,而且原本早已失传,在西汉末年刘歆的《世经》中存有部分内容的叙述。在东汉,殷历又被更改和添加内容,因此更不能作为考订夏商周历史纪年的依据。然而历史学家唐兰、陈梦家皆曾将殷历结合纬书、《竹书纪年》来考证夏商周三代纪年,故此申述所谓殷历的起源、演变及其在历法上的内容实质,辨析所有相关问题之自古以来的谬误说法,揭示了殷历一向缺乏正确体系,指出殷历与《易纬》《竹书纪年》等不能混为一体运用,而《易纬》则毫无历史年代考证上的价值。这是很重要的历史年代学原则,如若违背,其研究古代纪年之结果,不但不能解决问题,反而会滋生歧误,以致于离学术目标越来越远。The Yin calendar as one of the ancient calendars before the Qin dynasty, regarded the thirteenth year of Shang Tang as the beginning of the era,which was not the same as in the calendar of the Yin,and its original text had been lost for a long time, and only parts of which left in Liu Xin^s book Shijing at the end of the Western Han dynasty. In the Eastern Han dynasty, the Yin calendar had been changed and some new contents added so as not to be regarded as one of the important texts in researching the pre-Qin chronology. However, some historians such as Tang Lan and Chen Mengjia, who had studied the origin and evolution and its contents of the Yin calendar, by comparative studies with the Yiwei and the Bamboo Annals made reseavch into the Xia. In Liu Tan~ s opinion, the Yin calendar, Yi Wei and the Bamboo Annals should not be used jointly, it is a principle in studying ancient chronology.

关 键 词：殷历 历史纪年 《世经》 图谶 

分 类 号：P194.3[天文地球—天文学]