步速降低与老年人健康及相关状况的关系  

Relationship between gait speed and the health-related status in Chinese elderly

作　　者：曾平[1] 韩怡文[1] 庞婧[1] 宫环[1] 张延[1] 张恩毅[1] 张毅[1] 张铁梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京医院卫计委老年医学研究所卫生部老年医学重点实验室,100730

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2016年第7期773-777,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：卫生部卫生行业科研专项基金（201002011、201302008）

摘　　要：目的分析步速降低与老年人健康及相关状况的关系，旨在为及早识别老年人健康及功能减退提供依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法，用标准问卷询问相关信息，内容包括人口学资料、现患史、生活习惯等信息。测量20m折返步行速度，将〈0．70m／s定义为步速降低。结果步速降低与老年人健康密切相关，常见慢病患病率可比对照高10％以上（调整性别、年龄影响后的均P〈0．05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，老年人生活不规律（OR=1．39，P〈0．01）、共患慢病多（OR=2．00，P〈0．01）、工具性日常活动能力（IADL）降低（OR=1．15，P〈0．01）、抑郁状态（OR=1．02，P=0．001）等，均与步速降低有关。而受教育水平高（OR=0．95，P=0．044）、经常饮酒（OR=0．78，P=0．002）、认知状态好（OR=0．95,P〈0．01）与步速下降呈相反关系。结论步速与老年人健康状况、认知能力、日常活动能力及心理状况之间的呈明显的相关性，测定步速有助于及早发现老年人健康和功能减退等问题。Objective To investigate the association between gait speed （GS） and the health- related status in the elderly, in order to provide a basis for the early detection of the decline in health status, cognitive and physical functions in the elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. The questionnaire was designed to collect information on demographics, history of diseases, and lifestyles, etc. GS was measured by 10-meter and return walk test （totally 20 meters）, and the speed less than 0.7 m/s was used to define low GS. Results Low GS was associated with the health status of the elderly. The prevalence of common chronic diseases was increased by 10% in the elderly with low GS than in the elderly with control GS after adjusting for age and gender （P〈 0.05）. Stepwise Logistic regression showed that irregular daily routine （OR= 1.39, P〈0.01）, comorbidity （OR= 2.00, P〈0.01）, low performance of instrumental activities of daily living （IADL） （OR ： 1. 15, P 〈 0.01 ）, depression status （OR = 1.02, P = 0. 001 ） were associated with low GS. While higher education level （OR = 0.95, P= 0. 044）, regular drinking （OR = 0.78, P= 0. 002）, better cognitive function （OR=0.95, P〈0.01） were associated with faster GS. Conclusions Gait speed is significantly associated with health status, cognitive function, activities of daily living and psychologic status in the elderly. Gait speed measurement may help identify the early declines in health status, cognitive and physical {unctions.

关 键 词：步行 认知 日常生活活动 抑郁 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学]