机械采收方式对新疆棉品质的影响  

Effect of cotton mechanical picking on fiber qualities in Xinjiang

作　　者：田景山[1] 王文敏[1] 王聪[1] 牛玉萍[1] 罗宏海[1] 勾玲[1] 张亚黎[1] 张旺锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《纺织学报》2016年第7期13-17,33,共6页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD09B03)

摘　　要：为了解新疆棉区纤维品质变化的根本原因,通过分析新疆棉区机采棉和手采棉纤维品质的差异,探讨通过品种选育及全疆品种布局实现改善原棉品质的途径。研究结果表明,纤维长度和马克隆值在机采棉和手采棉间无显著性变化;机采棉纤维比强度、整齐度及纺纱一致性指数较手采棉显著降低,其中比强度和纺纱一致性指数在试验点变化较大,最大降幅可达11.3%和25.8%,且有62.5%的品种显著降低。短纤维率的变化最为明显,机采棉较手采棉增加了51%,试验点和品种间最大增幅分别达90%和130%。因此,选择适宜机采的品种及合理的品种布局是改善新疆棉花品质结构的主要途径。To explicit the reasons that the fiber quality in Xinjiang changes,the differences in fiber qualities between machine picked cotton and hand picked cotton were comparatively analyzed.The method for improving cotton qualities by variety selection and layout of the whole Xinjiang was discussed.In comparison with hand picked cotton,the fiber strength,uniformity index and spinning consistency index of machine picking decreased significantly.Especially,changes of fiber strength and spinning consistency index were greater,at less than 11.3% and 25.8%,respectively,and 62.5% of varieties decreased significantly.Change of short fiber index was the most significant among six fiber quality indicators,short fiber index of cotton picker increased by 51% compared with that of hand picking cotton,at more than 90% and 130% separately in multi-site plots and varieties.Therefore,in order to explore the changes of fiber quality on cotton picker,suitable varieties and reasonable layout were main means for improving fiber quality.

关 键 词：机采棉 纤维品质 比强度 短纤维率 

分 类 号：S233.75[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S562[农业科学—农业工程]