毒死蜱暴露对健康危害研究进展  

Progress in researches on health effects of chlorpyrifos: a review

作　　者：戴红梅[1] 邓媛英[1] 张辰[1] 赵玲玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅三医院儿科,湖南长沙410013

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2016年第7期995-998,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：瑞士联合银行集团-擎天柱基金(6102)

摘　　要：毒死蜱是中国目前使用最广泛、使用量最大的有机磷农药;毒死蜱具有环境持久性和生物蓄积性,它能通过人们的饮水、食物、住所、甚至呼吸的空气进人体内,分布于血液、唾液,作用于神经、免疫、生殖、内分泌等器官系统,甚至影响胎儿的生长发育;除了能导致胆碱能毒性作用的急性中毒症状外,还可能会引起DNA损伤、基因突变、染色体畸变等遗传毒性;诱导细胞癌变,增加肺癌、白血病等癌症的发病风险;干扰免疫系统;并引起性激素、甲状腺素等内分泌激素水平改变;影响配子功能,干扰胚胎形成与发育,从而导致一系列出生缺陷与疾病;最重要的是,脑发育早期毒死蜱暴露还可能会对神经系统结构与功能都造成长远的影响,甚至可能导致神经系统退行性疾病的发病风险增加;所以减少毒死蜱的使用与暴露对于维护人类的健康有着非常重大的意义。Chlorpyrifos （CPF） is an organophosphorus pesticide most widely used all over the world. With environ- mental durability and bio-accumulation, CPF enters human body through water, food, living environment, and even ambi- ent air and distributes into blood and saliva. CPF could affect nervous, immune, reproductive, and endocrine system, and even affect the growth of a fetus. CPF could induce acute poisoning symptoms by cholinergic toxic effect. In addition, CPF could cause genetic toxicity, such as DNA damage, gene mutation, and chromosome aberration,inducing cell cancer- ation and increasing the risk of lung cancer and leukemia. Due to disturbing immune system and changing levels of endo- crine hormones such as sex and thyroid hormone, CPF could affect gametes function, interfere with embryo formation and evolution, and lead to a series of birth defects and diseases. In the case of exposure to CPF during the early stage of brain development, CPF could have long term effects on structure and function of nervous system and even increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, the reduction of CPF use and exposure is of great significance for health mainte- nance of human beings.

关 键 词：毒死蜱 农药残留 健康 

分 类 号：R995[医药卫生—毒理学]