美德两国违宪审查的比较  

The Comparison of Constitutional Review between US and Germany

作　　者：何翔[1] 张晓永[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100083 [2]大同大学,山西大同037009

出　　处：《技术经济与管理研究》2016年第6期108-112,共5页Journal of Technical Economics & Management

摘　　要：违宪审查最基本的价值功能是通过对国家机关行使权力的行为或者是立法机关制定法律规范的合宪性审查,宣告违宪的国家机关行使权力的行为或者是立法机关制定的法律规范无效,以此实现保障宪法实施、维护宪法权威的制度目标。美国和德国是运用司法审查制度典型的国家,二者均是由法院进行违宪审查,但在违宪审查渊源、违宪审查权的拘束力、违宪审查权的性质、违宪审查判决效力、违宪审查的形式、违宪审查的主体方面存在着差异。文章通过美德司法审查制度比较,同时结合中国国情,学习并借鉴美德两国先进且有益的法制理念,为建设有中国特色的社会主义法制体系、积极推进社会主义法治进程提供帮助和指导。The most essential value and function of unconstitutional review is that in order to ensure the implementation of the constitution and maintain the constitutional authority, the executional power from unconstitutional government agency or legal norms, established by unconstitutional legislatures, are invalid through constitutional review. The United States and Germany are the typical countries with judicial review system, and unconstitutional review is carried out by courts. But there are great differences in some aspe- cts ： biding forces, natures, validities of judgment, forms and bodies of unconstitutional review. Through the comparison of constituti- onal review between US and Germany, combined China＇s national conditions, drawn lessons from all the advanced and beneficial legal concepts, rejected the dross, this paper tries to find out the proper ways to promote the socialist rules of law in China for the construction of socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：法律规范 违宪审查 宪政国家 法治理念 法治建设 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]