水分管理调控水稻氮素利用研究进展  

Effects of water management on rice nitrogen utilization: a review

作　　者：曹小闯[1] 李晓艳[2] 朱练峰[1] 张均华[1] 禹盛苗[1] 吴良欢[2] 金千瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第13期3882-3890,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LQ15C130004);国家重点基础研究发展973计划资助项目(2015CB150502);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31172032,30900880)

摘　　要：水、氮是调控水稻生长发育的两个重要环境因子。通过"以水调氧"增加根际溶氧量(如干湿交替、好氧栽培等)能够提升土壤硝化势和氧化还原电位,刺激土壤氮的矿化作用,使水稻处于NH+4与NO-3混合营养中,并能通过诱导水稻的生理特性及改善根系的吸收功能增强其抗旱性能,提高水稻产量及氮素利用率。光合作用是形成干物质的主要途径,土壤氮水平、氮形态与水稻光合速率紧密相关,提高叶片光合速率将有助于提高水稻的氮素利用率和产量。从稻田水分管理对土壤氮素形态特征、水稻氮吸收利用、光合速率及氮环境效应的影响等方面综述了国内外相关研究进展,并指出进一步的研究方向。Water and nitrogen are two important environmental factors controlling rice growth. Increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in rhizosphere via the regulation of soil water content, such as the dry-wet alternate irrigation and aerobic cultivation, can promote soil nitrification potential and oxidation-reduction potential, stimulate soil nitrogen mineralization, and provide a mixed nutrition of NH： and NO3 for rice. It can also increase the rice resistance to drought, rice biomass, and efficiency of nitrogen use through induction of rice physiological property and improvement of root absorption ability. Plant photosynthetic rate is the main way to increase crop yield. Nitrogen concentration and nitrogen type are closely related to the photosynthetic rate in rice, and the increase of photosynthetic rate enhances nitrogen-use efficiency and plant biomass in rice. This paper reviewed recent progress in the studies on the effects of water management on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics, rice nitrogen absorption and utilization, photosynthetic rate, and environmental effects of nitrogen, thus pointing out the problems and emphasizing the direction of further research.

关 键 词：水分管理 根际溶氧量 氮代谢 光合氮素利用率 水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]