细胞自噬与细胞凋亡在细胞中的作用  

The role of autophagy and apoptosis in cells

作　　者：陈金东 

机构地区：[1]罗切斯特大学医学中心泌尿科肾癌研究室

出　　处：《遵义医学院学报》2016年第3期217-222,共6页Journal of Zunyi Medical University

摘　　要：细胞自噬与细胞凋亡在功能上的关系复杂微妙。细胞自噬,也可说成是自食(self-eating),其结果是导致细胞内一部分受损或多余的老化的蛋白和细胞器被吞噬和降解或消化,使细胞更利于生存;而细胞凋亡,是一种细胞自杀(self-killing)过程,最终导致整个细胞死亡,所有细胞成分均被其它活细胞降解和消化。在受环境条件影响较少时,细胞自噬抑制细胞凋亡。然而,当自噬使细胞内蛋白和细胞器过量消耗,致使细胞无法继续生存下去时,细胞即会转化成凋亡。在个别情况下,自噬也可引起细胞死亡。值得一提的是,自噬和凋亡涉及到很多与凋亡有关的蛋白,例如p53和BH3-only蛋白等。在癌细胞形成的早期,自噬抑制癌细胞生成;而在癌细胞形成后,癌细胞利用自噬来促进癌细胞生存,抑制细胞凋亡,从而可能导致癌细胞对化疗药物产生抗药性。因此,如果在化疗时,同时对细胞自噬进行抑制,将有利于增强治疗效果。Autophagy and apoptosis are functionally related and the relationship is complex.Autophagy,namely self-eating,a process in which a portion of the cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are engulfed and degraded/digested,which is in favor of cell survival.Whereas,apoptosis,is a type of cell self-killing which leads to turnover of entire cell,and all the contents in the cell are degraded or digested.If the level of stress is not lethal,autophagy blocks the induction of apoptosis.In harsh conditions,however,autophagy functions excessively and results in over loss of cell contents,which makes the cell unable to survive further and ultimately leads to apoptosis.Noteworthily,autophagy and apoptosis are linked to many apoptosis-related proteins such as the p53 and BH3-only proteins.At the beginning of carcinogenesis,autophagy inhibits cancer cell formation;once carcinogenesis completed,autophagy favors cancer cell survival,which suppresses apoptosis and leads to chemotherapeutic resistance of cancer cells.Thus,chemotherapy combining with autophagy inhibitors may improve the therapeutic effect.

关 键 词：细胞自噬 细胞凋亡 细胞程序化死亡 癌症 P53 BH3-only 

分 类 号：R587.2[医药卫生—内分泌]