2013-2014年广西诺如病毒腹泻暴发疫情特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus diarrhea outbreak in Guangxi, 2013-2014

作　　者：王晶[1] 居昱[1] 周开姣[1] 林玫[1] 陈敏玫[1] 莫建军[1] 谭毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防制所,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第14期2639-2642,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析广西壮族自治区诺如病毒腹泻暴发疫情的流行特征及影响因素,为疾病防控提供科学依据。方法 采用现场流行病学调查方法收集2013年1月至2014年12月广西地区诺如病毒腹泻疫情报告及个案资料,并进行整理分析。结果 2013年1月至2014年12月,广西共报告6起诺如病毒腹泻疫情,累计病例257例,99.61%为临床诊断病例,无死亡病例。疫情暴发地点主要集中在学校;病例时间分布有明显季节性,主要集中在春秋季的3、10和11月;病例年龄主要为1~10岁（29.13%）和11~20岁（54.72%）;可能的传播途径包括经水、食物、人传人接触传播等多途径。共采集87份病例、48份食堂从业人员肛拭子,检出诺如病毒RNA阳性数分别为44份和4份,检出率分别为50.57%和8.33%。结论 广西地区诺如病毒暴发疫情主要发生在人口密集的学校,应重点针对中小学校,开展健康宣教,加强个人卫生习惯,同时加强饮用水卫生、食品卫生等监测工作,减少诺如病毒腹泻暴发疫情的发生。Objective This work was to investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of norovirus （NoVs） diarrhea outbreak in Guangxi autonomous region, and to provide scientific evidence for its control and prevention. Methods Field epidemiologieal investigation was conducted to analyze the data of NoVs diarrhea outbreak and cases reported from 2013 to 2014. Results During January 2013 to December 2014, 257 cases in 6 outbreaks were reported in Guangxi. Among these cases, 99.61% were diagnosed by clinical physicians and no death cases were reported. The outbreaks mainly occurred at schools. The outbreak distribution was seasonal, with cases peaked in March, October and November （P〈0.01）. Cases distributed mainly in those of 1-10 years old （29.13%） and 11-20 years old （54.72%）. The age proportion was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. The transmission routes of NoVs including water-borne, food-borne, and person-to-person contact. NoVs RNA was detected in stool samples from 87 patients and 48 canteen staffs, with positive rates of 50.57% and 8.33%, respectively. Conclusion NoVs diarrhea outbreaks in Guangxi mainly occurred in primary and middle schools. The prevention and control of NoVs should be comprehensive to reduce diarrhea outbreaks, including health education, water sanitation and food safety control.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 腹泻 疾病暴发流行 流行病学 

分 类 号：R183.4[医药卫生—流行病学]