川陕哲罗鲑个体的早期发育观察  

Early development of Hucho bleekeri Kimura

作　　者：杨焕超 杨晓鸽[2,3] 吴金明[2] 王成友[2] 危起伟[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]农业部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2016年第4期759-770,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2014A07XK05);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203086)

摘　　要：对川陕哲罗鲑(Hucho bleekeri Kimura)早期发育进行了全过程观察。根据胚胎发育的外部形态及典型特征,将川陕哲罗鲑的胚胎发育过程分为25个时期。在平均水温10.17℃条件下,受精卵历时549 h出膜,所需积温为228.31℃·d。初孵仔鱼全长(11.62±0.50)mm,体重(0.0254±0.0016)g,卵黄囊体积(53.82±1.03)mm^3。背鳍原基、臀鳍原基、腹鳍原基、脂鳍原基分别于2d、4d、9d、11d时出现。17 d仔鱼腹腔出现鳔。18 d仔鱼进入混合营养期。20 d仔鱼腹部首次出现鳞片,进入稚鱼期。26 d稚鱼卵黄被完全吸收,完全营外源性营养。52d时各鳍鳍条完全。64 d时体侧横斑纹发育完全。73 d时鳞片遍及全身,进入幼鱼期。仔稚鱼期间的生长模型方程为:TL=0.3766D+13.318,(R^2=0.9772,TL为全长,D为日龄),特定生长率为0.030。本研究旨在为川陕哲罗鲑的人工繁殖和鱼种培育提供科学指导。Hucho bleekeri Kimura early development of the whole process was investigated. According to the ex-terior appearance and typical characteristics of the embryo, the process ofH. bleekeri embryonic development was defined into 25 minor periods and described in detail. The result showed that the total accumulated temperature was 228.31℃·d at an average water temperature 10.2℃ from fertilization to hatching, the fertilized eggs hatching lasted 549 h. The mean total length of newly hatched larvae was （11.62±1.00） mm, the mean body weight of larvae was （0.0254±0.0016） g, the yolk sac volume of larvae was （53.82±1.03） mm^3. Primordia dorsal, anal primordia, pelvic primordia, adipose fin primordia appeared respectively on days 2, 4, 9, and 11. The first chamber air blad-der was formed on 17 d. Larvae began into the mixing vegetative stage on 18 d. First scales appeared in the larva of abdomen, entered into juvenile stage on 20 d. The yolk sac was completely absorbed, juvenile completely ex-ogenous nutrition on 26 d. All fins completed development on 52 d. Stripes appeared completed development on the body surface on 64 d. The scales fully distributed the body on 73 d, entered the young period. Growth model equations fish larvae period is： TL=0.3766D＋13.318, （R^2=0.9772, TL： total length,D： days of age）, the specific growth rate was 0.030. This study aims to provide scientific guidance for the Sichuan taimen artificial breeding and fry cultivation.

关 键 词：川陕哲罗鲑 胚胎发育 积温 仔 稚鱼发育 

分 类 号：S92[农业科学—渔业资源]