国企家族化与单位组织的二元化变迁  

The Familization of State-Owned Enterprises and Transformation of the Duality in Danwei Organizations

作　　者：田毅鹏[1] 李珮瑶 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院社会学系,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《社会科学》2016年第8期65-74,共10页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代中国单位制度形成及变迁研究”(项目编号:11&ZD147)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：长期以来,学界多从亲缘关系视角对单位组织的家族化现象展开批判,而忽略了单位家族化的组织形态面向。20世纪80年代前后,以厂办大集体的举办为契机,单位人的大量家属、子女得以进入单位,导致原本以全民所有制为基础的国企单位组织开始走向"国营+大集体"的二元化组织形态。虽然政府对国企与其主办的厂办大集体之间的关系做出诸多限定和区隔,但二者间仍存在着复杂的组织、生产及亲缘上的关联,其直接后果即是导致大型国企的组织形态发生了二元化趋向的变迁。此种二元化组织形态虽然有其发生和存在的历史依据,但其自身存在的关系情结和"化小公为大公"等诸多弊端成为国企效益不佳的原因之一,不得不走上改制之路,这也预示着那种父爱主义差序格局的不可持续性,故我们应从历时态的角度对单位组织形态的复杂变迁过程进行再认识和再评价。Scholars engaged in the studies of danwei have raised critics on the familization of danwei organizations in the perspective of relationalism for a long time, while the organizational structure in danwei organizations is not taken into consideration. In the 1980s, based on the emergences of subordinate collective enterprises established by state-owned enterprises, members of employees＇ families were able to enter danwei organizations. As a result, inside the monistic state-owned enterprises, a dualistic structure of ＇state-owned enterprises ＋ collective enterprises＇ began to form. Though the government tried to make restrictions to limit the relations between state-owned enterprises and the subordinate collective enterprises established by them, complicated correlations in organizational structures, combinations in production activities and genetic relationships between employees still existed. This directly resulted in the transformation of danwei organizations into dualistic structure （duality）. It has historical foundation for this kind of duality to come into being, however, strategies were used to make benefits for minor-public instead of major-public and disadvantages of relationalism can not be overcome. Thus, state-owned enterprises were forced to reform, the traditional danwei organizations finally disaggregated. This process also indicates the unsustainability of ＇the pattern of difference sequence＇ of paternalism. Therefore, the complex transforming processes of danwei organizations worth rethinking in a historical perspective.

关 键 词：厂办大集体 国企家族化 “国营+大集体” 单位组织 父爱主义 

分 类 号：C912.2[经济管理]