从“客观性”到“透明性”:新闻专业权威演进的历史与逻辑  

From Objectivity to Transparency:The Evolution History and Logic of Journalistic Authority

作　　者：夏倩芳[1,2] 王艳[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学新闻与传播学院 [2]武汉大学媒体发展研究中心互联网治理研究中心 [3]武汉传媒学院新闻传播学院

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2016年第7期97-109,共13页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：本文梳理从客观性到"透明性"的变迁过程,讨论客观性原则与新闻专业权威演进之间的逻辑关联。客观性的历史表明,它是一个过程性的概念,伴随着社会需要和技术革新而不断地处于变化过程中;它是一个实践性的概念,是新闻机构为获得专业权威而采取的实践方法,因而它必然是丰富的和不断调整中的。从当今各国的"透明性"实践可以看出,客观性原则从未被真正颠覆过,"透明性"改革的实质是新技术条件下的方法论变革。"参与"和"对话"一直是对客观性进行质疑的视角,新媒体提供的技术可能性,开放出了更多通往真相的路径,使对话和参与建立在更加理性的基础之上,而这正是客观性的原初目标。所以说,透明性并未实质性地改变新闻专业权威的来源。因此,媒体机构须积极探索在新的技术和社会条件下客观性的实践方法,并进行连带的职业规范、生产机制、组织结构、经营管理等方面的变革。This paper intends to overview the vicissitude process from journalistic objectivity to transparency,and to disscuss the logic relations between the principle of objectivity and the evolution of journalistic authority. The evolvement history reveals that,as a process- oriented concept,objectivity has been constantly changing along with the social needs and techological innovations,while as a pratice- oriented concept,it has been serving as a practical method for news agencies to obtain their professional authority,consequentially leading to its abundance in content and incessancy in adjustment. Nowadays the practices of transparency norm also indicate that,the ideal of objectivity has never really been subverted,and this reformation is essentially a methodological transformation under the new technical conditions. The objectivity has always been questioned in the perspective of＂participation＂and ＂dialogue＂,when the techological possibilities provided by the new media is opening up more approachs to the truth,＂participation＂and ＂dialogue＂therefore can be established on a more rationl base,which is just the initial intent of objectivity. It can be concluded that,the transparency norm has not altered the source of journalistic authority. As a result,professional media organizations in particular need to actively explore the practices of objectivity which are adapted to new technologies and social conditions,taking the initiative to reform their professional guidances,production mechanism,organizational structure,operational management,etc.

关 键 词：新闻客观性 透明性 新闻专业权威 参与和对话 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]