北方城市天然降雨中氨氮污染特征研究  

Characteristics of Ammonia Nitrogen Pollution in Natural Rainfall of Chinese Northern City

作　　者：张静[1,2] 周玉文 王中正[1] 刘春[2] 赵树旗[1] 李伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京市水质科学与水环境恢复重点实验室,北京100124 [2]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,河北省污染防治生物技术重点实验室,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2016年第6期129-134,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家水专项(2013ZX07304-001-3)

摘　　要：通过对北京市2015年3-9月共15场自然降雨中氨氮污染物浓度的检测,分析了自然降雨中氨氮污染特征,考察了厕所排气口氨气排放对降雨中氨氮污染的影响,阐述了氨氮污染物总量变化及其影响因素。研究结果表明：首场降雨氨氮平均浓度最高,达到20.5 mg/L,后续14场降雨氨氮平均浓度介于2.0-5.0 mg/L之间,14场自然降雨中氨氮浓度高于《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）的Ⅴ类标准（≤2 mg/L）,是水体氨氮污染的重要来源。厕所排气口附近自然降雨pH值介于6.5-7.0之间,远高于大气降雨监测站所测pH值,且自然降雨中氨氮浓度随采样点距厕所排气口距离的增加呈现线性下降趋势,表明厕所排气口排放的氨气是城市大气氨氮污染的一个主要来源。自然降水中氨氮污染物总量的主要影响因素包括降雨强度、降雨历时和前期干旱天数,地表径流氨氮污染物总量小于自然降水中氨氮污染物总量。The ammonia nitrogen concentrations in natural rainfall of Beijing from March to September in 2015 were detected,to analyze the characteristics of ammonia nitrogen pollution in natural rainfall. The influence of ammonia emission from toilets on ammonia nitrogen pollution in natural rainfall was investigated. The variation of total amount of ammonia nitrogen pollutant in natural rainfall and surface runoff was verified. The results showed that average concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the first rainfall was 20.5 mg/L,while average concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in other 14 rainfalls were between 2.0 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L. In addition,the ammonia nitrogen concentrations in all rainfalls were inferior to GradeⅤof Surface Water Environment Quality Standard（GB 3838-2002）（≤2 mg/L）,indicating that the ammonia nitrogen in the rainfall is an important source of ammonia nitrogen pollution for water body. p H values of rainfall near the toilet vent were between 6.5 to 7.0,which was much higher than that detected by local meteorological station. Furthermore,the ammonia nitrogen concentrations in natural rainfall decrease linearly along with the increase in the distance from the sampling point to the toilet vent,and this implied that ammonia emission from toilets was a major source of ammonia nitrogen pollution in urban atmosphere. The total amount of ammonia nitrogen pollutant in natural rainfall depended on rainfall intensity,rainfall duration and prophase drought time,and the total amount of ammonia nitrogen pollutant in surface runoff was less than that in natural rainfall.

关 键 词：北方城市 天然降雨 氨氮污染 污染物总量 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]