‘辣椒杏’开花生物学特性研究  

Studies on Flowering Biological Charicteristics of Armeniaca vulgaris 'Lajiaoxing'

作　　者：孙静芳[1] 廖康[1] 赵世荣[1] 江振斌 达梦香 董胜利 杜润清 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆轮台国家果树资源圃,新疆轮台841600

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第6期1061-1066,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目"新疆特色果树种质资源利用技术研究与示范"(201130102-1);新疆维吾尔自治区果树重点学科基金~~

摘　　要：【目的】了解‘辣椒杏’开花生物学规律及特点,为‘辣椒杏’的开发利用奠定基础。【方法】观察‘辣椒杏’的开花物候期、花器官特征,测定花粉活力和柱头可授性,分析与其他品种的差异,分析其特异性。【结果】‘辣椒杏’初花期为4月初,花期持续8 d;花5瓣,花瓣卵圆形淡粉色,花粉黄色,雌蕊1枚,雄蕊31枚左右,子房上位花;雌蕊败育花比率为为23%,雌蕊退化花比率为7%;花粉萌发率为45.49%;柱头从花前2 d至花后5 d均有可授性,花后1 d可授性达到最强。【结论】‘辣椒杏’与对照杏品种花期一致;花器官存在一定比例的雌蕊败育和雌蕊退化,败育率较低;花粉活力属中等水平,花后1 d柱头可授性达到最强,是‘辣椒杏’最佳授粉时期。【Objective】The present study was undertaken to understand the biological characteristics and biological regularity of Armeniaca vulgaris ＇Lajiaoxing＇ blossom,and lay the foundation for the development and utilization of Armeniaca vulgaris ＇Lajiaoxing＇.【Method】Using Armeniaca vulgaris ＇Lajiaoxing＇ as a research material to observe the blooming phenophase,floral organ characteristics and determine the pollen viability and stigma receptivity,and analyze its differences and specificity with other varieties.【Result】The initial flowering stage of Armeniaca vulgaris ＇Lajiaoxing＇ was at the beginning of April,the flowering persisted approximately 8days,5 flower petals,oval petals and pale pink,yellow pollen pistil,1 pistil,31 stamens,superior ovary flower. The pistil abortion was 23%,degradation was 7%. The germination rate of Armeniaca vulgaris ＇Lajiaoxing＇ was 45. 49%. Armeniaca vulgaris ＇Lajiaoxing＇ had stigma receptivity from 2 days before blooming to5 days after blooming,and it showed the strongest receptivity at the day of 1 day after flowering. 【Conclusion】The booming phenophase of Armeniaca vulgaris ＇Lajiaoxing ＇ was mostly same with the booming phenophase of the check apricot cultivars,which had a certain proportion of the pistil abortion and degradation,but the pistils abortion rate was low,and of which the pollen vitality belonged to medium level,and 1 day after flowering was the best time to pollinate because the stigma receptivity achieve the strongest level.

关 键 词：'辣椒杏’ 开花物候期 花器官特征 授粉 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]