荒漠-绿洲区潜在蒸散量变化特征及其影响因素  

Change of Potential Evapotranspiration and Its Affecting Factors in Desert-oasis Zone

作　　者：牛建龙[1,2] 王家强[1] 彭杰[1] 王煜东[2] 郝璐[2] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2016年第4期766-772,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260140;41061301;41361048;41261083);兵团青年科技创新资金专项(2012CB020)

摘　　要：以新疆阿拉尔垦区为研究区,选取1961—2013年逐日地面气象要素值,采用Penman-Monteith模型、气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验和距平相关法,分时段分析了阿拉尔荒漠-绿洲区潜在蒸散量(ET_0)变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:1 ET_0年际间波动较大,1987年前的减幅﹝52.4 mm·(10a)^(-1)﹞高于1987年后的增幅﹝22.2 mm·(10a)^(-1)﹞,呈"高-低-高"的动态变化,1987年是年ET_0突变点。2 ET_0四季性明显,为"夏﹥春﹥秋﹥冬"的季节变化,1987年前的减幅〔12.7 mm·(10a)^(-1)、23.4 mm·(10a)^(-1)、6.6 mm·(10a)^(-1)、9.7mm·(10a)^(-1)〕高于1987年后的增幅﹝0.4 mm·(10a)^(-1)、14.3 mm·(10a)^(-1)、6.4 mm·(10a)^(-1)、1.1 mm·(10a)^(-1)﹞,为"高-低-高"的年际变化,1987年后春季ET_0的增幅最大。1987年是四季ET_0突变点。3阿拉尔荒漠-绿洲区年ET_0的变化主要与日照时数、平均相对湿度和平均风速有关,与气温关系不明显,1987年后年ET_0的增加与日照时数的增加有关;季ET_0的变化由日照时数、平均相对湿度、平均风速和气温多种气象因子共同作用。1987年后春季ET_0的增加与气温的升高和日照时数的增加有关,冬季ET_0的增加与平均相对湿度的增大、日照时数的增加和最高气温的降低有关,夏、秋季ET_0的增加仅与日照时数的增加有关,与气温、湿度、风速关系不明显。Based on the meteorological data in the Aral Reclamation Area,Xinjiang during the period from 1961 to 2013,the temporal change of potential evapotranspiration（ ET_0） and its affecting factors in desert-oasis zone in the study area were analyzed with the Penman-Monteith model,climate trend rate,Mann-Kendall method and anomaly correlation method. The result are as follows： 1 The annual ET_0 fluctuation was high,the decrease range〔52. 4 mm·（ 10a）（-1）〕before 1987 was higher than the increase range〔22. 2 mm·（ 10a）（-1）〕after 1987,there was a ＂high-low-high＂dynamic change,and the annual mutation point occurred in 1987; 2 Seasonally,ET_0 was in an order of summer ﹥ spring ﹥ autumn ﹥ winter,its decrease ranges〔12. 7 mm ·（ 10a）（-1）,23. 4 mm·（ 10a）（-1）,6. 6 mm·（ 10a）（-1）and 9. 7 mm·（ 10a）（-1）〕before 1987 were higher than the increase ones〔0. 4 mm·（ 10a）（-1）,14. 3 mm·（ 10a）（-1）,6. 4 mm·（ 10a）（-1）and 1. 1 mm·（ 10a）（-1）〕after 1987,there was a ＂high-lowhigh＂dynamic change,the increase of ET_0 was the highest in spring after 1987,and the mutation point occurred in1987; 3 The change of annual ET_0 was closely related to the sunshine duration,average relative humidity and wind speed,but not to temperature. The increased of ET_0 was related to the increase of sunshine duration after1987. The change of seasonal ET_0 was jointly affected by many meteorological factors,such as sunshine duration,average relative humidity,wind speed and temperature. The increased of ET_0 was related to the increase of temperature and sunshine duration in spring,to the increase of average relative humidity,sunshine duration and the decrease of maximum temperature in winter,and to the increase of sunshine duration in summer and autumn.

关 键 词：荒漠-绿洲 潜在蒸散量 Penman-Monteith模型 MANN-KENDALL 阿拉尔垦区 新疆 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]