牧户对三江源草地生态退化的感知  

Herdsmen's Perception About Ecological Degeneration of Grasslands in the Three-river Source Region,China

作　　者：杨海镇[1] 李惠梅[1,2,3] 张安录[3] 

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学公共管理学院,青海西宁810007 [2]浙江海洋大学经济与管理学院,浙江舟山316022 [3]华中农业大学土地管理学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2016年第4期822-829,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年项目(12YJCZH105);教育部春晖计划(Z2012039;S2014004;Z2014028);教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(14JZD009);国家社会科学基金项目(13CJY016);国家自然科学基金项目(71373095;71403300)

摘　　要：牧户对生态退化的感知在很大程度上影响着当地的生态安全,更是产生保护行为响应的前提。通过对青海三江源自然保护区参与式结构问卷调查研究,并运用Tobit模型分析,探讨了影响牧户生态退化感知的主要影响因素。结果表明:1约有62%的牧户对三江源区草地生态退化有一定程度的感知,牧户的草地生态退化感知显著地受牧户的生计水平的负影响和拥有牲畜数量的正影响,影响系数分别为-0.247和0.162。2牧户的年龄、劳动力数量和牧户所处的区域优势等生计资产能力对牧户的草地生态退化感知有正影响,而牧户出于风险损失的考虑,与外界接触程度越大,退化感知越低。3提高牧户的生计水平将大幅度提高牧户的退化感知度。因此,从根本上解决三江源区牧民的严重依赖草地生态而生存的单一化的生计问题,通过优化牧民的生计方式来影响和调控当地草地生态退化趋势,在改善牧户生计问题的基础上制定牧户认同和支持的自然资源管理政策,才有可能实现区域自然资源可持续利用的良性循环。Herdsmen＇s ecological protective cognition and behavior response to the degeneration of grasslands is not only the key to the effective implementation of ecological protection strategy,but also a precondition for sustainable development of regional ecology and economy. Herdsmen＇s participation willingness affects directly the accomplishment efficiency and sustainability of ecological protection. Based on Tobit model,in this study the local herdsman＇s perception about ecological degeneration of grasslands in seven counties in the three-river source region was quantitatively analyzed. The results are as follows： 1 About 87% herdsmen have the perception about ecological degeneration of grasslands,the perception is affected negatively by the living level but positively by the livelihood assets of herdsmen,and the affecting coefficients were- 0. 247 and 0. 162 respectively; 2 Age,labor,geographical location,etc. are the positive factors affecting the herdsmen＇s perception of ecological degeneration of grasslands,and the more extensive and frequent of herdsmen＇s contact with the outside world,the lower the perception of herdsmen will be; 3 Living level of the local herdsmen in the study area should be improved so as to increase the herdsmen＇s perception about the ecological degeneration of grasslands and their voluntary behaviors of protecting the ecological environment in the three-river source region.

关 键 词：牧户 草地 生态退化 感知 托宾模型 三江源 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]