近40 a黄河乌兰布和沙漠段河道演变特征  

Evolution of the Yellow River Section in the Ulan Buh Desert in Recent 40 Years

作　　者：贾旭[1] 高永[1] 李锦荣[2] 魏宝成[3] 孙晓瑞[1] 唐国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2016年第4期905-911,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然基金(41301303;51409114);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201401084)

摘　　要：基于Landsat系列卫星遥感数据,利用目视解译法提取黄河乌兰布和沙漠段近40 a夏季河道演变特征值,对比分析两岸河道演变特征并分析其变化原因。结果表明:1以乌海水利枢纽为起点,1973—2015年黄河乌兰布和沙漠段左岸堆积面积最大的河段分布在11.5~36.7 km处,右岸堆积面积最大的河段分布在61.5~73.1 km处;2 1973—2015年黄河乌兰布和沙漠段堆积与侵蚀总面积分别为82.73 km^2和5.28 km^2,其中1973—1989、1989—2000、2000—2005、2005—2008、2008—2010年和2010—2015年各时期的堆积速率分别为1.52 km^2·a^(-1)、2.36km^2·a^(-1)、3.70 km^2·a^(-1)、2.45 km^2·a^(-1)、1.22 km^2·a^(-1)和0.84 km^2·a^(-1)。黄河乌兰布和沙漠段整体呈现淤积状态,河道萎缩并向右迁移;3随着石嘴山水文站年均径流量的增大,河岸堆积速率呈逐渐降低趋势,而侵蚀速率变化趋势则正好相反。该研究有利于了解黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段的河道演变特征,为沙漠地区植被恢复及当地环境的治理提供理论依据。In this study,the visual interpretation was used to extract the eigenvalues of watercourse evolution of the Yellow River section in the Ulan Buh Desert during the period of 1973- 2015 based on the Landsat satellite data,and the causes resulting in the watercourse evolution were analyzed. The riverbank erosion and deposition were researched by comparing the sequential change of the riverbank position. The results are as follows： 1 From the Wuhai Hydro-junction during the period of 1973- 2015,the river sections with the largest deposition areas were distributed along the reaches of 11. 5- 36. 7 km on the left riverbank and of 61. 5- 73. 1 km on the right riverbank; 2 The total areas of the deposited and eroded riverbanks during the period from 1973 to 2015 were 82. 73km2 and 5. 28 km2 respectively,in which the deposition rates of the riverbank during the periods of 1973- 1989,1989- 2000,2000- 2005,2005- 2008,2008- 2010 and 2010- 2015 were 1. 52 km2·a（-1）,2. 36 km2·a（-1）,3. 70 km2·a（-1）,2. 45 km2·a（-1）,1. 22 km2·a（-1）and 0. 84 km2·a（-1）,respectively. Holistically,the Yellow River section in the Ulan Buh Desert was in a deposition,the watercourse was in a shrinkage and shifted rightword;3 Annual deposition rate of the riverbank was gradually decreased with the increase of annual runoff volume measured at Shizuishan Gauging Station,but the annual erosion rate was opposite. Evolution of the watercourse was also affected by human activities and local conditions.

关 键 词：河道演变 侵蚀 堆积 空间分布 径流量 黄河 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]