法兰克福学派大众文化批判的“症候解读”  

A Symptomatic Reading of the Public Cultural Criticism of the Frankfurt School

作　　者：姚文放[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第4期88-98,196,共11页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"从形式主义到历史主义--晚近文学理论‘向外转’的深层机理探究"(11AZW001);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：大众文化批判是法兰克福学派学术研究的一项重要内容,对于大众、大众文化和文化工业等问题的重新考量成为法兰克福学派批判理论的具体运用和真正尝试。法兰克福学派的批判理论在1990年代初进入中国,曾一度受到追捧但旋即遭到冷落,这固然与国家关于文化工作的大政方针的重大转折有关,更重要的原因在于,将法兰克福学派的批判理论作为剥离了具体语境的空洞抽象的一般理念移植过来,并不适用于中国的实际问题。法兰克福学派对于大众文化/文化工业的批判,往往是出于历史的惨痛记忆而作出的过激反应和过度阐释,妨碍了对于大众文化/文化工业的公允评价。这就导致其理论存在明显的盲点和缺环,也使得对其进行"症候解读"成为必要。从对其所作的"症候解读"可以得到感悟:对于当今中国的市场经济条件下大众文化和文化产业的正能量,我们理应给予充分的估量和积极的倡扬。An important academic mission of the Frankfurt School is to critique mass culture. The School seeks to apply and practice its critical theories by re-examining such issues as the general public,public culture and cultural industry. Since their entry into China in the 1990 s,the theories had been met by short-lived applause before they went on the long-term decline. This is admittedly to do with the vital shift in the guidelines concerning the cultural issues in our country. More significantly,the theories,transferred away from their original context,turned out a bundle of abstractions unable to address the local problems of China. The theories,fundamentally,are flawed.The critique which turned out to be overreaction to and exaggerated interpretation of the agonizing memories of history has distorted the judgment of mass culture and cultural industry. This leaves the theories noticeable blind spots or missing links,which makes it necessary to conduct symptomatic reading of the theories. The interpretation may bring us home to the fact that we should fully accept and passionately promote the positive energy underlying mass culture and cultural industry thriving on the market economy of our country.

关 键 词：法兰克福学派 批判理论 症候解读 大众文化 文化工业 文化产业 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学]