控释肥和硝化抑制剂对华北春玉米N2O排放的影响  

Effects of controlled release fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor additions on nitrous oxide emissions from spring maize field in Northern China

作　　者：朱永昶[1] 李玉娥[1] 秦晓波[1] 段智源 万运帆[1] 周伟平[1] 王斌[1,3] 何佳男 

机构地区：[1]农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]福建省气象科学研究所,福州350001 [3]海南省气象科学研究所,海口570203 [4]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第7期1421-1428,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：公益性行业专项(201103039);国家973计划项目(2012CB417106);国家自然基金面上项目(41475129)

摘　　要：为了分析控释肥和硝化抑制剂处理下华北春玉米田土壤N_2O排放规律及其影响因素,研究不同施肥处理对N_2O排放和产量的影响,筛选既能增产又能减排的肥料管理措施,采用自动静态箱-气相色谱法于2009—2012年连续4年对春玉米生长季内的N_2O排放进行监测,同时测定了相关环境变量和产量。试验共设置4种施肥处理:不施肥对照(CK);尿素(U);硫包膜控释尿素(SCU);尿素加入占施氮量10%的双氰胺硝化抑制剂(UDD)。结果表明,SCU和UDD处理较尿素处理在4个生长季内均起到了减排和增产效果,其N_2O平均减排率分别为37.77%和33.39%,增产率分别为16.04%和6.35%。N_2O排放通量与5 cm土壤温度,10 cm土壤湿度和土壤NH+4含量极显著相关(P<0.01),与土壤NO-3含量无显著相关关系。N_2O排放通量的较大值均分布在土壤湿度大于60%土壤含水孔隙率(Water-filled pore space,WFPS),5 cm土壤温度大于20℃的范围内。综上可知,长期施用硫包膜控释肥和添加双氰胺硝化抑制剂均能取得一定的减排和增产效果,可以作为春玉米种植中的优良施肥技术加以推广。Soil is the main source of nitrous oxide（N2O）emissions. Fertilization critically influences soil N2 O emissions. In this study, N2 O fluxes and grain yields were measured in a maize field applied with a controlled-release fertilizer or anitrification inhibitor. The experimentwas conducted in Shanxi Province,China, during 2009—2012. Four different fertilization treatments（CK： no fertilizer, U： conventional urea,SCU： sulfur-coated urea, UDD： nitrification inhibitor） were designed. Automatic static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to measure N2 O emissions. Environmental parameters and maize yields were also monitored simultaneously. Compared with urea, sulfur-coated urea and nitrification inhibitor reduced cumulative N2 O emissions during the 4 growing seasons, with average reduction of 37.77% and33.39%, respectively. The grain yields of SCU and UDD treatments increased by 16.04% and 6.35%, respectively, in comparison with the urea treatment. The N2 O fluxes were significantly related with 5 cm soil temperature, 10 cm soil moisture and soil NH＋4content（P〈0.01）.There was no significant relationship between N2 O fluxes and soil NO3^-content. Most N2 O emissions occurred at soil moisture〉 60% WFPS and soil temperature 〉20 ℃. Both sulfur-coated urea and nitrification inhibitor could mitigate N2 O emissions and increase grain yields.These two fertilization could be applied in spring maize production.

关 键 词：春玉米 氧化亚氮 控释肥 硝化抑制剂 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]