孕妇二手烟回避行为与家庭资源关系的调查研究  

Relationship Between Pregnant Women's Second-hand Smoking Avoidance Behavior and Its Family Related Factors

作　　者：陈江芸 万岐江 吴星燕 侯铭[4] 韩林俐 蒋佩[1] 李新辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学医学院,新疆石河子市832000 [2]石河子市人民医院 [3]沙湾县妇幼保健院 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2016年第21期2535-2542,共8页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：2015年新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJGRI2015051)--孕妇被动吸烟现状及其影响因素研究--以新疆天山北坡城市群为例

摘　　要：目的调查孕妇被动吸烟时的回避行为,分析其二手烟回避行为与家庭资源的关系,为进一步指导环境控烟和保护妇幼健康提供依据。方法 2014年9月—2015年5月,采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取天山北坡城市群中的乌鲁木齐市、石河子市、沙湾县为调研城市,并选取当地孕妇产前检查较为集中的医疗单位作为调研机构（乌鲁木齐市新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院、石河子市人民医院和沙湾县妇幼保健院）,对所有前来调研机构且符合纳入标准的孕妇进行调查,孕妇需填写的调查问卷包括一般资料调查表、婚姻关系量表及二手烟回避行为量表。2015年6—8月,在问卷调查的基础上,选取具有代表性的21例孕妇进行半结构式深度访谈。结果本次调查共发放问卷1 327份,收回有效问卷1 249份,有效回收率94.1%。孕周≤12周97例（7.8%）,13～28周432例（34.6%）,〉28周720例（57.6%）。孕妇公共场所二手烟回避行为得分高于社交及家庭二手烟回避行为得分（u=12.782,P〈0.001）;在社交及家庭二手烟回避行为中,＂当家人或亲友在旁边吸烟时会自动走开＂得分高于其余三项（P值均〈0.001）;在公共场所二手烟回避行为中,＂在公共场所陌生人在旁边吸烟时会自动走开＂得分高于其余三项,差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0.001）。Pearson相关分析结果显示,婚姻关系量表得分与社交及家庭二手烟回避行为得分呈负相关（r=-0.58,P=0.040）,与公共场所二手烟回避行为得分、二手烟回避行为量表总得分无直线相关关系（r值分别为-0.27、-0.50,P值分别为0.338、0.078）。不同配偶吸烟状况、民族、宗教信仰、文化程度、居住地孕妇社交及家庭二手烟回避行为得分、公共场所二手烟回避行为得分、二手烟回避行为量表总得分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不同家庭月收入孕妇公共场所二手烟回避行为得分、二�Objective To investigate pregnant women＇ s avoidance behavior when they exposed to second- hand smoking,analyze the relationship between their behaviors and their family resources,provide the basis for further guidance on the building of tobacco- control environment and protection for women＇ s and children＇ s health. Methods From September 2014 to May 2015,Urumqi,Shihezi,and Shawan County which belong to northern slope of Tianshan Mountain Group were selected by stratified random sampling method. Institutions which were chosen by most local pregnant women for prenatal examinations,including People＇s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,People＇ s Hospital of Shihezi City,and Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shawan County. Pregnant women which were accordance with the inclusion criteria were all investigated. Pregnant women were required to fill in the questionnaires including general information questionnaire, marriage relationship scale form and second- hand smoking avoidance behaviors form. Based on questionnaire survey,from June to August in 2015,a total 21 representative cases participated in semi- structured interviews. Results 1 327 questionnaires were handed out. 1 249 questionnaires were valid. Valid return rate was 94. 1%. There were 97 cases ＇（ 7. 8%） gestational weeks were less or equal to 12 weeks,432 cases（ 34. 6%） were in 13- 28 weeks,720 cases（ 57. 6%） were more than 28 weeks. Score of second- hand smoking avoidance behavior in public places was higher than score of second- hand smoking avoidance behavior in social occasions and family environments（ u = 12. 782,P〈0. 001）. In the option of social occasions and family environments,the item ＂ I will go away if family or friends and relatives smoking next to me＂ received higher score than the other three items（ P〈0. 001）. In the option of public places second- hand smoking avoidance behavior,the item ＂ In public places,I will go away if stranger smoking next to me＂ received higher score than

关 键 词：烟草对健康的危害 孕妇 回避行为 家庭资源 婚姻关系 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]