沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)生物学特性、营养价值及驯化可行性  

Biological Characters,Nutrient Value and Domestication Feasibility of Agriophyllum squarrosum

作　　者：赵杰才 赵鹏善[1] 赵昕[1] 马小飞[1] 王艳莉[1,2] 周琴[1] 陈国雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠研究试验站/甘肃省逆境生理与生态重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2016年第3期636-643,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB429904);甘肃省创新群体基金项目(1308RJIA002);国家自然科学基金项目(31170369)

摘　　要：沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)为苋科藜亚科一年生草本,广泛分布于中亚干旱和半干旱沙区。其种子营养价值堪比联合国粮农组织推荐的全营养食物藜麦,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物含量分别为23.2%、9.7%和45.0%;蛋白质中包含所有人体必需氨基酸;脂肪的主要成分为亚油酸、油酸和次亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸;沙米还是优良的功能食品,含较多的绿原酸、SOD、异黄酮、皂甙、生物碱、铁、锌和硒等。1 300多年前沙米便被记载食用,但至今未能被成功驯化。我们将通过沙米遗传资源收集与选择、诱导突变、科学筛选和合理栽培,改良其不良野生性状如种子偏小、出苗不齐、叶片带刺等,期望培育出沙米高产优质栽培品种。在全球气候变化和粮食危机的大背景下,进行沙米驯化育种符合国家粮食安全战略需求。Agriophyllum squarrosum（L.）Moq is an annual psammophyte belonged to subfamily Chenopodiaceae of Amaranthaceae,which distributes wildly in moving sand dunes in arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia.The seed has a high nutrient value containing around 23.2% protein,9.7%lipid and 45.0%carbohydrates,which can be comparable to Quinoa,a crop that called as entire human nutrient food by FAO.There are all of the essential amino acids in protein of sand rice.Main contents of A.squarrosumseed fat are linoleic acid,Oleic acid and linolenic acid.If calculate by the first limit essential amino acids-Lysine content,1 200 kg A.squarrosumseed which is a potential yield per hectare equals to 3 840 kg wheat and4 800 kg rice.There are also some physiological activators such as chlorogenic acid,SOD,isoflavone,saponin,alkaloids and minerals such as Fe,Zn,Se in sand rice which are good for human health.A.squarrosumseed had been recorded as food 1 300 years ago,but in such a long history people never domesticate it.Through collecting wild genetic resources,mutation induction,plant selection and suitable cultivation,we try to improve some wild traits,such as small seed,irregularity germination,side branch first-grow pattern,stinging leaves and bracts.In the near future,we hope to create a high yield,well-performed cultivar.In the climate change and global food crisis,domesticating A.squarrosum as a food crop is urgent and suit for national food security strategy.

关 键 词：沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum) 粮食安全 全球气候变化 藜麦 诱导突变 驯化育种 

分 类 号：Q949.91[生物学—植物学]