基于叶片微形态结构评价10种锦鸡儿属(Caragana)植物的抗旱特征  

Evaluation on Drought-resistant Characteristics of Ten Caragana Species Based on Leaf Micromorphological Structure

作　　者：李蒙蒙[1,2] 刘丹[1,2] 刘玉冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所甘肃省寒区旱区逆境生理与生态重点实验室/沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2016年第3期708-717,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91125029)

摘　　要：以中国西北荒漠地区的10种锦鸡儿属(Caragana)植物的叶片为对象,通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜的观察,选择叶片厚度、气孔密度、绒毛盖度、角质层厚度等10项叶片结构指标对叶肉细胞解剖结构和表皮微形态结构进行了研究,探究10种锦鸡儿对干旱环境的适应特征,并用层次聚类分析法进行分类和模糊数学隶属函数值法进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明:10种锦鸡儿在长期适应各自生境的过程中,叶片表面微形态结构和叶肉细胞结构均表现出明显的适应特征。10种锦鸡儿属植物的叶片形态结构适应特征聚为3类,第1类主要特征是气孔、叶片厚度和表皮细胞厚度大,绒毛盖度和叶片组织结构紧密度小;第2类是绒毛盖度较大,栅栏组织厚度和叶片组织结构紧密度小;第3类是栅栏组织厚度和叶片组织结构紧密度大,气孔、角质层厚度、叶片厚度和表皮细胞厚度小。根据隶属函数值,10种锦鸡儿属植物的抗旱性由大到小排列的顺序为卷叶锦鸡儿>荒漠锦鸡儿>短脚锦鸡儿>狭叶锦鸡儿>柠条锦鸡儿>小叶锦鸡儿>中间锦鸡儿>红花锦鸡儿>鬼箭锦鸡儿>刺叶锦鸡儿。Leaves of ten Caragana species were collected from desert region of northwest China. The leaf cross-section and epidermal micromorphology were observed by light microscope and scanning electron mi- croscope, respectively. Ten micromorphological and structural characteristics were selected to investigate the adaptive ability of drought environment, including blade thickness, stomata density, trichome coverage, cuticular layer thickness and other six leaf xeromorphic structure indices. The results showed that leaf epi- dermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure had significant adaptation to their habitats. Ten Caragana species were classified into three groups by hierarchical cluster analysis. The first group has higher stomata, blade and epidermal cell thickness, smaller trichome coverage and ratio of palisade to blade. The second has higher trichome coverage, smaller palisade and ratio of palisade to blade. The third has higher palisade and ratio of palisade to blade, smaller stomata, cuticle, blade and epidermal cell thickness. According to the sub- ordinate function values, drought-resistance ability of ten Caragana species was as the follows： C. ordosi- ca 〉C. roborvskyi 〉 C. brach ypoda 〉C. stenoph ylla 〉 C. korshinskii 〉 C. microphylla 〉 C. interme- dia 〉 C. rosea 〉C. jubata 〉C. acanthophylla .

关 键 词：锦鸡儿属(Caragana) 叶肉结构 表皮微形态 抗旱性 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]