上海市区大气颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中铅、镉的分析测定和污染特征研究  

Analysis of Pollution Characteristics of Cadmium and Lead in Atmospheric Particulates( PM_(2.5)) of Shanghai Downtown

作　　者：黄楚楚[1] 李青[1] 张国霞[1] 汪正[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,上海200050

出　　处：《分析化学》2016年第7期1047-1052,共6页Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：上海市科学委员会项目(No.14142201400);上海市无机非金属材料分析测试表征专业技术服务平台(No.14DZ2292900)资助

摘　　要：以石英超细纤维滤膜采集上海市长宁区的大气颗粒物（PM2.5）样品,采用球磨机将滤膜研磨成细微颗粒,并以0.7%Triton X-100作为分散剂,制备了稳定均一悬浮液,建立了一种简便、绿色、快速的悬浮液进样-石墨炉原子吸收法测定PM2.5中铅和镉的方法。铅在0.1-75μg/L范围内,镉在0.2-3μg/L范围内,校正曲线的线性相关性大于0.998;铅和镉的检出限分别为0.36和0.06μg/L,相对标准偏差小于5%。采用HF-HNO3体系酸消解样品,并与电感耦合等离子体质谱法和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测试结果对比,验证了方法的准确性。采用本方法对2014年11月-2015年5月期间上海市区大气中PM2.5及铅和镉的污染特性进行分析,结果表明,铅和镉的质量浓度随时间变化趋势与PM2.5的质量浓度随时间的变化趋势呈现良好的一致性。A green, simple and convenient method for determination of cadmium and lead in PM2.5 by slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was established. PM2.5 samples were collected from Changning district in Shanghai using quartz microfiber filters membranes and grinded into μm-size fine particles by grinding mill for 4 min. The 0.7% Triton X-100 was used as dispersing agent and the pH value was adjusted to 2 by 1% HNO3. The detection limit of cadmium and lead was 0.36 and 0.06 μg/L, respectively, and the linear correlation coefficient of the calibration curves of cadmium in the range of 0.2-3 μg/L and lead in the range of 0.1-75 μg/L was better than 0.998, with a relative standard deviation being not more than 5.0%. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by comparing the determination result with that by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using solution of acid digestion. The pollution characteristics of cadmium and lead in PM2.5 were analyzed and the result showed that the trend of the mass concentration of PM2.5 with time was consistent with the trends of cadmium and lead.

关 键 词：PM2.5 悬浮液进样 石墨炉原子吸收光谱法 铅和镉 污染特性 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]