2015/2016年冬季北极涛动异常活动及其对我国气温的影响  

Anomalous Activity of Arctic Oscillation in Winter 2015/2016and Its Impact on Temperature in China

作　　者：司东[1,2] 马丽娟[1] 王朋岭[1] 王艳娇[1] 聂羽[1] 孙冷[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《气象》2016年第7期892-897,共6页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2013CB430202和2012CB955203);国家自然科学基金项目(41405071和41130960);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406001)共同资助

摘　　要：2015/2016年冬季,北极涛动(AO)季内变化特征明显。2015年12月,AO处在正位相,而到了201 6年1月AO突然由正位相转为强负位相,导致极区冷空气南下,北半球和我国气温由暖转冷。AO由正位相转为负位相主要与北大西洋强风暴活动有关。2015年12月末,北大西洋上空有一气旋式强风暴出现,强风暴东侧西南气流将北大西洋上空大量的暖湿空气带向北极,导致北极气温迅速升高。北极气温迅速升高使得极区的位势高度场由偏低转为偏高,是导致AO由12月的正位相转为1月负位相的主要原因。In winter 2015/2016, the Arctic Oscillation （AO） showed a remarkable subseasonal variation with the positive phase in December 2015 while strong negative phase in January 2016, which resulted in the southward invading of the super cold wave from the polar region to the mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The temperature in the Northern Hemisphere including China changed from positive anomaly in December to negative anomaly in January. The phase transition of the AO from positive to negative was mainly associated with the North Atlantic storm activity. At the end of December 2015, a strong cyclonic storm appeared over the North Atlantic. This storm conveyed huge quantities of warm air into the polar region, which quickly warmed the Arctic up. The geopotential height anomaly over the Arctic region changed from negative in December 2015 to positive in January 2016, eventually leading to the transition of the AO from positive phase to negative phase.

关 键 词：北极涛动 大西洋风暴 强寒潮 

分 类 号：P448[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]