起垄覆膜与土壤脱盐剂对江苏沿海中重度盐碱地棉花成苗和产量的影响  

Cotton Response in Seedling Establishment and Yield to Ridging with Mulching Film and Soil Desalting Agent on Moderate to Severe Coastal Saline Soil

作　　者：崔必波[1] 韩勇[2] 王伟义[1] 吉荣龙[1] 孙扣忠[1] 李亚芳[1] 耿安红 费月跃[1] 王军[1] 彭亚民[1] 陈德华[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农科所新洋试验站,江苏盐城224049 [2]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《棉花学报》2016年第4期339-344,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171479;31301263;31471435);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导项目(20113250110001);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程;江苏省三新工程项目[SXGC(2014)317];扬州大学科技创新培育基金项目(2012CXJ053;2012CXJ055)

摘　　要：以中棉所79为材料,于2012和2013年在江苏大丰稻麦原种场盐碱地设计高垄覆膜、高垄不覆膜、土壤脱盐剂＋覆膜、土壤脱盐剂＋高垄覆膜、土壤脱盐剂＋高垄不覆膜和平作覆膜6个处理对棉花出苗、产量及与抗盐相关的生理指标影响。结果表明：与平作覆膜相比（CK）,高垄覆膜＋土壤脱盐剂能显著提高籽棉产量和促进出苗,产量比对照提高32.00%-113.78%;土表20 cm土壤盐分降低最多,下降42.07%,出苗率提高148.8%。同时高垄覆膜＋土壤脱盐剂处理能有效地减少棉苗叶片丙二醛和脯氨酸的积累,降低叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力。因此,高垄覆膜与土壤脱盐剂的应用,由于能有效降低中重度盐碱地的盐分,从而有利于棉花发芽出苗,降低盐分逆境对棉苗的胁迫效应,最终促进产量提高。With cotton cultivar CCRI 79 as the experimental material, six treatments（high ridge with mulching film, high ridge,soil desalting agent with mulching film, soil desalting agent with both high-ridge and mulching film, soil desalting with high-ridge, and conventional seeding with mulching（control）） were designed to investigate emergence, yield, and physiological features related to salt resistance in the moderate to severe saline soil of the Dafeng Rice and Wheat Farm in Jiangsu Province in2012 and 2013. The results showed that the treatment soil desalting agent with both high ridge and mulching film markedly improved seedling establishment and yield compared with the control; the seed cotton yield increased by 32.00% ―113.78%, the soil salinity contents decreased by 42.07% at the 0―20 cm soil layer, and the emergence rate increased by 148.8%. Furthermore,the treatment decreased the leaf malondialdehyde and proline contents effectively, and reduced leaf superoxide dismutase activities were also observed. These results suggest that soil desalting agent application with both high ridge and mulching film reduces the salinity content of moderate and severe coastal saline soil, which benefits seedling establishment, decreasing the effect of the salt stress on the growth of cotton plant, and thus enhancing the seed cotton yield.

关 键 词：棉花 滨海盐碱地 产量 出苗 生理活性 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]