生态型造林与传统造林的杉木林邻体干扰效应比较  

Compared the interference effect from the neighborhood of Chinese Fir between the ecological afforestation and traditional afforestation

作　　者：许忠坤[1] 徐清乾[1] 郭文清[1] 顾扬传 杨建华 

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]会同县林业科学研究所,湖南会同418300

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2016年第4期28-36,43,共10页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划;杉木速生丰产林定向培育技术研究(2015BAD09B0101)

摘　　要：为了比较杉木生态型造林和传统造林邻体对杉木基株干扰效应的差异,阐明生态型造林的优越性,避免造林地滋生大量五节芒,在不影响杉木生长的前提下解决传统造林中出现的炼山和抚育造成的水土流失、地力衰退、生物多样性减少和人工成本高等问题,为今后造林工作提供技术支撑。本研究选用生态型造林与传统造林两种类型造林8年生生长数据,采用邻体干扰指数模型的方法,研究两种造林类型邻体对杉木的干扰效应。结果表明:生态型造林地中有灌木植物22种、草本植物4种;传统造林地中五节芒占草本植物总数量的91.8%,仅有灌木植物7种、其它草本植物1种,前者林地灌木层和草本层的丰富度指数和香农维纳指数均大于后者。测得两者初始个体高第1、2年平均生长速度分别为86.8 cm/a、31.9 cm/a和94.2 cm/a、51.9 cm/a,灌木植物第1、2年的平均生长速度分别为48.7 cm/a和53.3 cm/a,草本植物的平均生长速度为55.7 cm/a;两者8年生杉木平均高和平均胸径分别为6.4 m、5.8 m和7.9 cm、8.7 cm。生态型造林地中灌木层干扰效应强于传统造林,主要干扰物种有4种,平均干扰指数为2.40;后者林地中草本层干扰效应强于前者,主要干扰物种有1种,平均干扰指数为0.42。生态型造林初始个体高较大,第1、2年平均生长速度大于灌、草植物,无缓苗期,造林后快速生长,对造林初期生长速度促进作用明显;传统造林初始个体高较小,有缓苗期,第1、2年平均生长速度小于灌、草植物,林地必需进行抚育。分别拟合两者总干扰指数与杉木基株大小、基株生长速度唐守正树高曲线,知其均呈显著负相关关系,前者抵抗邻体干扰能力强于后者,个体大小受邻体的影响较小,邻体对基株生长的整体干扰作用要小于后者。生态型造林不抚育促使杉木个体高生长较快,传统造林由于频繁抚育杉木个体胸径生长较快。生In order to compare the difference interference effect from the neighborhood of Chinese fir between the ecologi﹣cal afforestation and traditional afforestation,clarified the superiority of the ecological afforestation,avoided the massive growth of Miscanthus floridulus in the afforestation,solved the problems caused by controlled burning and upbringing un﹣der the premise of without affecting the growth of Chinese fir,for example the soil and water erosion,fertility waning,loss of biodiversity and artificial high cost etc,provide technical support for the future afforestation work. The researchSelected two kinds of plantation types of the ecological afforestation and the traditional afforestation,adopted the growth data of 8﹣year﹣old plantation and using the method of neighborhood interference index model,researched the interference effects of Chinese fir plantation from the neighborhood in the two kinds of plantation types. The results showed that：there were 22 kinds of shrubs and 4 kinds of herbs in the ecological afforestation woodland,M. floridulus accounted for 91. 8% of the total number of herbs in the traditional afforestation woodland,and there were 7 kinds of shrubs and 1 kinds of other herbs;the Richness index and Shannon﹣Wiener index of shrub layer and herbaceous layer in the former woodland were more than the latter woodland. Measured the initial individual height of the average growth rate in the first and second years were 86. 8 cm/a,31. 9 cm/a and 94. 2 cm/a,51. 9 cm/a in the former and latter respectively,the average growth rate of the first and second years were 48. 7 cm/a and 53. 3 cm/a in the shrubs respectively,the average growth rate were 55. 7 cm/a in the herbs;the average height of the genet and the average DBH of 8﹣year﹣old Chinese fir were 6. 4 m,5. 8 m and 7. 9 m,8. 7 m respectively in the ecological afforestation and traditional afforestation. The interference effect of shrub layer was stronger in the ecological afforestation woodland than the traditional afforestation wo

关 键 词：杉木 炼山 干扰指数 邻体 基株 生物多样性 生态型造林 传统造林 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S72[农业科学—林学]