广州两城区大气PM_(2.5)金属成分的污染特征  

Pollution Characteristics of Metal Components in PM_(2.5) in Two Districts of Guangzhou

作　　者：李敏[1] 连晓文[1] 王静[1] 苏广宁[1] 郭珍珠[1] 郭凌川 

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心卫生化检所,广东广州511430 [2]广东省公共卫生研究院环境与健康室,广东广州511430

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2016年第7期650-656,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家卫计委公益性行业科研专项(编号:201402022);广东省医学科研基金(编号:A2016564)

摘　　要：[目的]了解广州市两城区空气PM2.5金属污染状况。[方法]于2015年在广州市越秀、番禺两区采集PM2.5样品,选用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定15种金属元素,计算富集因子,分析污染特征,探讨其来源,并对重金属的潜在生态风险进行评价。[结果]广州越秀区与番禺区大气PM2.5月均浓度范围分别为0.046~0.160、0.013~0.108 mg/m^3,全年平均浓度分别为0.078、0.057 mg/m^3,是GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》全年二级标准限值（0.035 mg/m^3）的2.2和1.6倍,越秀区高于番禺区。越秀区PM2.5中15种金属全年平均总浓度为1.08μg/m^3（占PM2.5质量的1.4%）,番禺为0.73μg/m^3（1.3%）,铁、锌、铝和铅浓度贡献大。越秀、番禺两区铁浓度分别是0.443μg/m^3（0.57%）、0.285μg/m^3（0.50%）,锌是0.306μg/m^3（0.39%）、0.233μg/m^3（0.41%）,铝是0.157μg/m^3（0.20%）、0.065μg/m^3（0.11%）,铅是0.059μg/m^3（0.08%）、0.051μg/m^3（0.09%）。15种金属浓度水平,越秀为铁〉锌〉铝〉铅〉铜〉锰〉钡〉铬〉砷〉锑〉硒=镍〉镉〉铊〉汞,番禺为铁〉锌〉铝〉铅〉锰〉铜〉钡〉砷〉锑〉硒〉镍=铬〉镉〉铊〉汞。两区PM2.5中金属铜（130.1）、锌（235.1）、砷（120.2）、硒（200.3）、镉（201.1）和锑（293.6）的富集因子〉100,是显著人为污染元素。两区PM2.5重金属的潜在生态危害指数依次为镉〉汞〉砷〉铜〉铅〉锌〉镍〉铬〉锰,其中镉（1 415.02）潜在生态危害程度极强,汞（310.77）、砷（281.51）危害程度强。9种重金属的潜在生态风险指数为2 313.94,总潜在生态风险极高。[结论]广州大气PM2.5金属浓度整体上越秀区高于番禺区,部分金属元素人为污染明显。[ Objective ] To evaluate the metal pollution of atmospheric PM25 in two districts of Guangzhou. [ Methods ] PM2.5 samples were collected in Yuexiu District and Panyu District of Guangzhou in 2015 and analyzed for 15 metals by ICP-MS. The enrichment factors, characteristics, sources, and potential ecological risks of heavy metals were evaluated. [ Results ] The monthly concentrations of PM2.5 were 0.046-0.160 mg/m^3 in Yuexiu District and 0.013-0.108 mg/m^3 in Panyu District. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were 0.078 mg/m^3 （Yuexiu） and 0.057 mg/m^3 （Panyu）, 2.2 times and 1.6 times of the Grade II standard limit of the Ambient Air Quality Standards （GB 3095-2012）, and the average of Yuexiu was higher than that of Panyu. The annual total average concentration of selected 15 metals was 1.08 μg/m^3 （accounting for 1.4% of PM2.s mass） in Yuexiu and 0.73 gg/m^3 （1.3%） in Panyu; iron, zinc, aluminum, and lead contributed most to the concentrations. The metal concentrations in Yuexiu and Panyu were 0.443 μg/m^3 （0.57%） and 0.285 gg/m^3 （0.50%） for iron, 0.306 μg/m^3 （0.39%） and 0.233 1, tg/m^3 （0.41%） for zinc, 0.157 p,g/m^3 （0.20%） and 0.065 μg/m^3 （0.11%） for aluminum, and 0.059 gg/m^3 （0.08%） and 0.051 I.tg/m^3 （0.09%） for lead, respectively. The annual concentrations of the 15 metals were ranked from high to low as follows： iron〉zinc〉aluminum〉lead〉 copper〉manganese〉barium〉barium〉arsenic〉stibium〉selenium=nickel〉cadmium〉thallium〉mercury for Yuexiu, and iron〉 zin〉aluminum〉ead〉manganese〉copper〉barium〉arsenic〉stibium〉selenium〉nickeel =chromium〉admium〉thallium〉mercury for Panyu. Metals with enrichment factor values over 100 were copper （130.1）, zinc （235.1）, arsenic （120.2）, selenium （200.3）, cadmium （201.1）, and stibium （293.6）, indicating anthropogenic inputs. The metals ordered by potential ecological risk index from high to low were cadmium〉mercury〉 arsenie〉copper〉le

关 键 词：PM2.5 金属 污染特征 潜在生态风险 广州 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]