农户低碳生产行为评价指标体系构建及应用  

Construction and application of evaluation index system for low-carbon production behaviors of rural households

作　　者：王珊珊[1] 张广胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学经济管理学院,山东泰安271018 [2]沈阳农业大学经济管理学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2016年第4期641-648,共8页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71303162;71503148);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-12-1014)~~

摘　　要：从微观层面构建农户低碳生产行为评价指标体系,有助于引导农户进行低碳生产,从而为制定和实施更有精准性的低碳农业发展政策提供依据。从生产要素碳排放、生态效应和经济效益3个方面构建了农户低碳生产行为评价指标体系,分别基于层次分析法和碳足迹核算的生命周期评价法确定了指标权重,并根据综合评价指数划分了低碳等级。在此基础上,对辽宁省辽中县水稻种植户生产行为低碳化程度进行了评价。结果表明,碳生产率是评价农户低碳生产行为的最重要指标,其次是氮肥施用强度、土地生产率和秸秆利用率。综合评价指数平均值处于中碳区间,70%左右的农户属于中碳生产,20%左右的农户达到近低碳等级,10%左右的农户处于较高碳区间,即中碳生产占主体地位。准则层中,经济效益准则层指数较低,生产要素碳排放和生态效应准则层指数相对较高;指标层中,劳动生产率、成本收益率和有机肥施用率的标准化值较低。由此提出,促进农户低碳生产须着力提高生产要素使用效率和经济效益,同时重视农业废弃物资源化利用,提高农业生产的生态效应。To construct an evaluation index system of rural households’ low-carbon production behaviors is critical to guide farmers to pursue low-carbon production practices and help the government to form practical supporting policies. Applying the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and life circle assessment method, this paper constructs an evaluation index system of rural households’ low-carbon production behaviors from three aspects of production, including factor carbon emission, ecological effect and economic beneift and applies to analyze rural households’ low-carbon production behaviors of rice farmers in Liaozhong County, Liaoning Province. Results indicate that carbon productivity is the most important indicator to evaluate rural households’ low-carbon production behaviors, followed by the intensity of nitrogen fertilizer, land productivity and straw usage ratio. Sample analysis results also show that the average comprehensive evaluation index is in medium-carbon interval. About 70%of the rural households belong to medium-carbon production, 20% belong to near low-carbon production, and 10% belong to higher-carbon production, indicating that medium-carbon production dominates in agriculture. In addition, economic beneift index is lower, and production factor carbon emission and ecological effect index are relatively higher. Among the index layers, labor productivity, cost-beneift ratio and the application rate of organic fertilizer are lower. To encourage rural households to pursue low-carbon production practices, government’s efforts should focus on enhancing the usage efifciency and economic beneifts of agricultural production factors. In the meantime, it is necessary to recycle agricultural waste and to enhance ecological effects of agricultural production.

关 键 词：农业低碳生产 碳排放 农户行为 评价指标体系 层次分析法(AHP) 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]