海洋生态系统压力对状态影响的整体网分析及应用  

Whole network approach and its application in the effect of marine ecosystem pressures on the states

作　　者：祁琪[1] 张亦飞[1,2] 刘弢[1] 严成杰 方欣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所工程海洋学实验室,浙江杭州310012 [2]杭州国海海洋工程勘测设计研究院,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《海洋通报》2016年第3期317-323,共7页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(2011009)

摘　　要：自然变化及人类活动压力对海洋环境的影响方式和程度是基于生态系统海洋管理研究的重要内容,利用属性数据、基于DPSIR等概念模型进行分析评价难以反映问题的本质。为此,在海洋生态系统压力对状态影响特征分析的基础上,引入整体网方法,利用关系数据进行压力对状态影响的定性和定量分析,用度数中心性、中间中心性、接近中心性表征压力和状态因素在压力-状态网络中的地位和重要性,用影响力指数表征压力因素的重要性和状态因素受影响的程度。利用美国南佛罗里达海域MARES研究项目(the MARine and Estuarine goal Setting project)提供的数据进行实证分析,结果显示该海域12类主要压力因素中,径流注入对区域海洋生态系统状态影响最大,休闲垂钓的影响最小。11个主要状态因素中,保护物种、鱼类和贝类受到的压力影响力最大,是两种最易受到侵害的生态系统状态,上述结论可以为该海域的生态修复工作提供一定的指示。The impact emanating from natural changes and human activities on the marine environment is one of the most important research contents in the marine ecosystem-based management. Conventional approaches which combine conceptual model, such as DPSIR（Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response）, and attribute data of indicators to analyze and evaluate the marine ecosystem can not reflect the characteristics of the problems studied. Hence, expecting to get more realistic results, in this paper, the whole network approach is introduced to investigate relationships qualitatively and quantitatively among ecosystem pressures and states. In the analysis, degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality are used to indicate the importance of pressures and states in the network, and influence index to indicate the influence and affected state. By using the data from the MARine and Estuarine goal Setting project（MARES）in the South Florida coastal ecosystem, an empirical analysis is conducted, and the results demonstrate that freshwater delivery and recreation fishing are respectively the most and least important in 12 ecosystem pressures. On the other hand,the protected species and fish and shellfish are the most influenced in 11 ecosystem states, which is helpful to the fundamental regulating processes of the South Florida coastal marine ecosystem.

关 键 词：基于生态系统的海洋管理 压力-状态关系 整体网分析 UCINET软件 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]