热管冷却型月球堆的辐射屏蔽设计研究  

Radiation Shielding Design for a Heat Pipe Cooled Lunar Surface Reactor

作　　者：杜金峰[1] 宋旺旺 王三丙[1] 谢奇林[1] 范晓强[1] 梁文峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所,绵阳621900 [2]中核第四研究设计工程有限公司,石家庄050021

出　　处：《载人航天》2016年第4期423-428,共6页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：针对40 k We热管型月球堆的辐射屏蔽问题,建立了三维蒙特卡罗计算模型。屏蔽布局方式整体采用地埋式,堆芯上方的轴向屏蔽体则采用影锥构形,选取适用温度范围宽、耐辐照的碳化硼作为中子屏蔽材料,伽玛屏蔽材料则采用钨,模拟计算了空腔及钨层厚度对轴向屏蔽体后端典型位置的辐射影响,同时也考察了百米外人员所受剂量随径向屏蔽体厚度的变化关系。据此得到了热管型月球堆初步的屏蔽体构型,其总质量为2.15 t,十年运行寿期内紧靠屏蔽体后端的敏感器件最大中子注量(1 Me V等效)为1.86×1014cm^(-2)、最大伽玛剂量为3.68 Mrad,而人员剂量仅为11.92 m Sv/a,在较大的裕量范围内满足辐射安全要求。Three-dimension Monte Carlo calculation model was built to study the radiation shielding of heat pipe cooled lunar surface reactor with 40 k We. The lunar soil buried shielding method was chosen for the overall layout and the cone-shadow configuration was adopted for the axis shielding.B4 C was used for neutron shielding owing to its large range of applicable temperature and high radiation resistant,and W was adopted for gamma shielding. The radiation fluence on the back end of the axis shielding versus the chamber and W＇s thickness were calculated. The dose for an astronaut 100 m away versus the radial shield thickness was also calculated. The primary shielding configuration was provided and the whole mass was 2. 15 t. The maximal neutron fluence（ 1 Me V equivalent） was1. 86 × 1014cm^（-2）and the maximal gama dose for the radiation sensitive component was 3. 68 Mrad,dose for an astronaut 100 m away was only 11. 92 m Sv / a. The shield design can satisfy the shielding requirements with a large margin.

关 键 词：热管冷却 辐射屏蔽 蒙特卡罗 中子注量 伽玛剂量 

分 类 号：V487.9[航空宇航科学技术]