1961—2010年塔里木灌区蒸发皿蒸发量变化特征及影响因素分析  

Pan evaporation characteristics and its influencing factor over Tarim irrigation area from 1961 to 2010

作　　者：牛建龙[1,2] 葛广华[3] 王家强[1] 彭杰[1] 王煜东[2] 郝璐[2] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [3]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2016年第3期71-76,共6页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260140;41061301;41361048;41261083);兵团青年科技创新资金专项(2012CB020);棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2016A12);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKQN201602)和塔里木大学大学生创新训练项目(2016005)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1961—2010年塔里木灌区—阿拉尔垦区逐日蒸发皿蒸发量、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、平均相对湿度、日照时数和平均风速等气象要素,采用气候倾向率、距平和相关性方法分析了塔里木灌区—阿拉尔垦区蒸发皿蒸发量(Pan Evaporation,E)的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:1961—2010年塔里木灌区—阿拉尔垦区蒸发皿蒸发量的年际波动较大,呈"高—低—高—低"的年代际变化,E整体呈减少的趋势(P<0.01),减少幅度为62.4 mm/10 a,E累积减少了312.0 mm。近50 a塔里木灌区—阿拉尔垦区四季蒸发皿蒸发量呈"夏季>春季>秋季>冬季"的时间分布,冬季和夏季E的减少幅度较大(P<0.01),春季E的减少幅度较小(P<0.05),秋季E的减少幅度不明显(P>0.05),春季、夏季、秋季、冬季E累积减少了81.5 mm、182.5 mm、28.5 mm和198.0 mm。塔里木灌区—阿拉尔垦区年蒸发皿蒸发量减少与平均风速减小和平均相对湿度增大有关,与气温、降水量和日照时数无关;四季蒸发皿蒸发量减少是由气温升高(降低)、日照时数减少、降水量增加(减少)、平均风速减小和平均相对湿度增大共同造成的,春季、秋季E受气温和日照时数影响较小。Using the meteorological data including daily pan evaporation,mean air temperature,minimum and maximum air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration and mean wind speed from 1961 to 2010, the characteristics and impact factors of pan evaporation were analyzed based on the methods of a climate inclination rate,an anomalies and correlation in Alar of Tarim irrigation area. The results show that annual fluctuation of pan evaporation is very obvious,with a ＂ high-low-high-low ＂ inter-decadal variability feature. The amplitude of pan evaporation decreases by 62. 4 mm per decade（ P 〈0. 01）,and has totally reduced about 312. 0 mm in Alar of Tarim irrigation area in the past 50 years. The pan evaporation is the largest in summer,and then in spring,autumn,and winter in order from 1961 to 2010 in Alar of Tarim irrigation area. The decrease in pan evaporation is relatively larger in winter and summer（ P 〈0. 01）, relatively smaller in spring（ P 〈0. 05）,and very little in autumn（ P 〈0. 05）.The cumulative decrease amplitudes are 81. 5 mm,182. 5 mm,28. 5 mm,and 198. 0 mm in spring, summer,autumn,and winter, respectively. The decrease in the annual cumulative pan evaporation depends strongly on the decreasing mean wind speed and increasing mean relative humidity,but less so on air temperature,precipitation,and sunshine duration. However, the decrease trend of seasonal cumulative pan evaporation is determined by the increasing（ decreasing） air temperature,declining sunshine duration, increasing（ decreasing） precipitation,decreasing mean wind speed,and increasing mean relative humidity together,although in spring and autumn it is little influenced by air temperature and sunshine duration.

关 键 词：塔里木灌区—阿拉尔垦区 蒸发皿蒸发量 气象要素 相关分析 

分 类 号：P426.22[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]