2015年东北地区大豆田病害种类与危害程度调查研究  

Incidence and Disease Index of Soybean Diseases in the Northeast of China in 2015

作　　者：李沐慧 王媛媛[1] 陈井生[2] 颜秀娟[3] 刘晓宇[1] 段玉玺[1] 朱晓峰[1] 陈立杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院/北方线虫研究所,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163316 [3]吉林省农业科学院大豆研究中心,吉林长春130124

出　　处：《大豆科学》2016年第4期643-648,671,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04-13);沈阳农业大学天柱山学者支持计划;国家自然基金(31571985)

摘　　要：为明确近年来东北地区大豆田病害发生的种类和发病程度,于2015年对东北三省部分地区大豆病害进行了系统的调查和鉴定研究。结果表明:东北大豆常见有20种病害发生,危害最严重的是大豆根腐病,三省平均的病情指数为49.81,发病率98%;其次是大豆胞囊线虫病,平均病情指数46.53,发病率82.67%;叶部病害以大豆霜霉病发生最为严重和普遍,平均病情指数33.01,发病率64%,其次褐纹病发病率在叶部病害中最高,达70%,但病情指数略低,为18.61。大豆细菌性角斑病有演变成主要病害的潜在风险。个别病害如大豆灰斑病在黑龙江省发生仍较为严重。少数病害仅在单独省份地区发生。本研究结果将为东北地区大豆田病害可持续治理提供理论指导。In order to clarify the kinds and harmful degree of soybean diseases in the northeast of China, we systematically investigated and identified the pathogen, symptom, incidence and disease index of soybean diseases in the three northeastern provinces in 2015. The results indicated that there were 20 kinds of soybean diseases in the northeast of China. Among them, the most serious damage was soybean root rot, which average disease index of the three provinces was 49. 81 and the average incidence rate was 98%. The second popular disease was caused by soybean cyst nematode, the average disease index was 46. 53 and the incidence rate was 82. 67%. Soybean downy mildew were the most severe leaf diseases, which the average disease index was 33.01 and the average incidence rate was 64%. Also soybean brown spot disease had higher incidence（70% ） than other leaf diseases of soybean, but the disease index（ 18.61 ） was low. Soybean bacterial angular leaf spot disease was serious in Heilongjiang province, and potentially evolved into a major disease in soybean field in the future. Some diseases such as soybean frogeye leaf spot disease still caused damage in Heilongjiang province. The research here would provide a theoretical guide for sustainable management of soybean diseases in the Northeast of China.

关 键 词：大豆 东北地区 病害鉴定 病情指数 发病率 

分 类 号：S435.651[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]