复合型有机酸性土壤改良剂不同施用量对连作黄瓜土壤改良效果研究  

Different Dosages of Complex Organic Soil Amendments on Soil Improvement Effect of Continuous Cropping Cucumber

作　　者：许帆[1] 张亚萍[1] 田兴武 刘馨[1] 祁娟霞 张雪艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏设施园艺工程技术研究中心,宁夏设施园艺(宁夏大学)技术创新中心,宁夏银川750021 [2]吴忠国家农业科技园区管理委员会,宁夏吴忠751200

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第14期187-192,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2014BAD05B02);宁夏自治区国内引才312计划资助项目

摘　　要：针对宁夏设施土壤连作障碍发生严重、设施土壤碱化度高等问题,以连作10年的设施黄瓜连作土壤为研究对象,以糠醛和醋糟为改良剂主料,通过调酸调节改良剂pH为2,采用盆栽试验,设置667m2施200(T1)、400(T2)、600(T3)、800(T4)、1 000(T5)、1 300(T6)、1 600kg(T7)的7个处理,以不添加改良剂为对照(CK),系统研究了不同改良剂用量对土壤养分、盐分离子、微生物数量的影响。结果表明:盛果期土壤pH和EC值均随改良剂施用量增加呈下降的趋势,其中T7降低pH效果最显著,降低4.29%,T5降低土壤EC值最显著,降低37.72%;T6和T7土壤全氮含量显著高于CK,分别增加42.11%和48.54%;667m^2施800kg以上用量改良剂显著增加土壤有机质;T1、T2、T4和T5处理相对CK分别显著增加20.00%、20.00%、23.33%和26.67%的土壤全磷;T4处理Ca^(2+)和Cl^-下降最为显著,Na^+、K^+和HCO_3-在T3下降最为显著。T4细菌数和放线菌的增长最显著,且真菌数降低最为显著,缓苗期T3放线菌增长最显著。综合分析得出,667m^2施用量600kg为该复合型有机酸性土壤改良剂的最佳施用量。Taking the serious problems as research objects concerning continuous cropping obstacle and high-level soil alkalization in Ningxia Province,and 10-year-old continuous cucumber cropping soil was used. By adjusting the acidity to pH 2,and taking the furfural residue and vinegar residue as its main material,while the soil amendments were setting as comparison stander（CK）,200 kg （T1）,400 kg（T2）,600 kg（T3）,800 kg（T4）,1 000 kg（T5）,1 300 kg（T6）,1 600 kg per 667 me （T7） ,taking the pot experiment which was to figure out the influence in different dosage of soil amendment on the soil nutrient,salt ions,and the number of microorganisms. The results showed that during full fruit period, soil pH and EC value were decreased with the increase of dosage of soil amendment,in which the pH of T7 declined significantly,its pH was declined 4. 29% comparing with CK. The EC of T5 decreased most significantly comparing with CK, 37. 72% was decreased. During full fruit period,soil total nitrogen T6 and T7 were significantly higher than CK,which increased by 42. 11% and 48. 54% respectively. More than 800 kg per 667 m2 dosage of soil amendment could increases the amount of soil organic matter significantly. T1, T2, T4 and T5 treatment were significantly increased by 20. 00 %, 20. 00 %, Ca. an% and 26. 67% of the total phosphorus in soil compared with CK. The Ca2＋ and C1- content of T4 declined most obviously,the Na^ , K＋ , and HCOa- of T3 declined most significantly. The bacteria and actinomycetes quantity of T4 increased most obviously,fungi quantity was reduced the most obviously,and actinomycetes quantity of T3 was increased the most obviously at engraftment period. Comprehensive analysis,600 kg per 667 m2 dosage of soil amendment was the most suitable way.

关 键 词：黄瓜 连作土壤 土壤改良剂 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S642.206.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]