明代文峪河流域旱灾探析  

Analysis of Drought Disasters in Wenyu River Basin in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：侯雨乐 赵景波[2,3] 成爱芳[4] 

机构地区：[1]阿坝师范学院,四川汶川623002 [2]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062 [3]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安710062 [4]宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2016年第5期188-192,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：四川省教育厅项目岷江上游旱涝灾害原因及治理探析(16ZB0386);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQG1428)

摘　　要：通过对历史资料的整理统计,利用数学分析方法对明代文峪河流域的旱灾频次、等级序列特点、年际和季节变化以及成因进行了研究分析。结果表明:文峪河流域在明代共发生了55次旱灾,平均约5a一次;旱灾等级以Ⅱ级为主,计22次,占旱灾总数的40%;I级旱灾11次,占旱灾总数的20%;Ⅲ级旱灾10次,占18.2%;Ⅳ级旱灾12次,占21.8%。Ⅱ级以上旱灾比例达80%,远超旱灾总数的一半,明代本流域旱灾受灾程度严重。明早期旱灾数量少且较轻;中、晚期旱灾开始迅速增加且灾情较重。旱灾发生季节最多的是全年大旱和春旱,全年大旱在明晚期尤为多发。该区明代发生的全年或跨年大旱与特大旱灾指示当时年降水量应少于300mm。16世纪后气候的持续干冷化造成的年降水量明显减少是该流域旱灾频发、灾情严重的主要因子,而人口增加、对土地资源的无度索求、对水资源、植被的无节制索取对旱灾多发起到了加剧效应。Through the statistics of the historical data,using the method of mathematical statistics,we analyzed the frequency of drought disasters,grade sequence characteristics,seasonal and internal variations and the cause during the Ming Dynasty.The results show that it happened recorded a total of 55 times,about once every 5years,given priority to with class Ⅱ drought,accounting for 40% of the total number of drought;Above classⅡ proportion was 80%,and was more than half of the total number of drought,it showed that in the Ming Dynasty drought damage was serious.Drought quantity was less and lighter in the early Ming Dynasty;drought began to increase rapidly and became heavier in medium and late of that dynasty.Most drought seasons were the year of drought and the spring drought.The dry and cold climate after the 16 th century created a degree of frequent and severe droughts.And the growth of population,continued demand for land resources,the excess requirements for water resources and vegetation eventually led to the runoff reduction and the frequent droughts.

关 键 词：旱灾 明代 文峪河流域 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]