1961-2010年中国参考作物蒸散量变化趋势与时空格局  

Research of Variation Trend and Spatial Pattern of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration During the Period from 1961 to 2010 in China

作　　者：黄娟[1,2] 申双和[3] 李新建 张文斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预警预报与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区农业气象台,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2016年第5期240-244,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项"干旱气象科学研究--我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理"(GYHY201506001);国家重大科学研究计划"干旱半干旱区生态系统和水资源脆弱性评估及风险预估"(2012CB956204)

摘　　要：根据甄选的中国529个气象台站1961—2010年的观测资料,利用联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)推荐的Penman-Monteith模型估算了全国年际参考作物蒸散量,探究了中国1961—2010年参考作物蒸散量变化趋势与时空格局。结果表明:(1)通过对中国参考作物蒸散量的年变化趋势进行分析,发现1961—2010年参考作物蒸散量先有下降趋势(1961—1993年),下降幅度不大,后又有缓慢的回升(1994—2010年),但总体呈下降趋势;(2)通过对各站近50年参考作物蒸散量平均值的时空分布进行分析,发现中国西北地区和西南地区明显大于东北地区和中部腹地;(3)中国参考作物蒸散量时空分布主要影响因素是风速和气温(气温影响范围广,风速影响程度大),也与中国地形复杂、面积广阔、经纬跨度大、各地气象条件差异导致作物蒸散能力差异有关。The annual reference crop evapotranspiration was estimated using Penman-Monteith model recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）with the observation data from529 meteorological sites during the period of 1961 to 2010,and the variation trend and spatial pattern of ET0 were investigated in detail.The results indicated that：（1）through analysis of annual variation tendency for the reference crop evapotranspiration,it was found that during the period from 1961 to 2010,reference crop evapotranspiration declined（1961—1993）,did not drop,and then slowly recovered（1994—2010）;（2）through the reference crop evapotranspiration in recent 50 years,the average value on the temporal and spatial distribution analysis,it was found that the values in northwest China and southwest China were significantly greater than those of northeast area and the central hinterland;（3）the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal reference crop evapotranspiration were the wind speed and temperature distribution in China（Temperature had a wide range of influence,wind speed had a great effect on ET0）.And meanwhile,China′s complex terrain,the vast area,latitude and longitude span,all weather conditions caused the differences in different crop evapotranspiration capacity.

关 键 词：Penman-Monteith模型 参考作物蒸散量 变化趋势 时空格局 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学] P311[农业科学—农业基础科学]