美国天然气管输定价研究及其借鉴意义  

Research of the Pricing Mechanism of Natural Gas Transmission in the US and Its Instructive Meaning

作　　者：秦冬冬[1,2] 刘建勋[1,2] 李伟[2] 王超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学,北京 [2]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2016年第7期1-5,共5页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

摘　　要：研究美国管输服务定价机制的发展历程,对设计出符合我国国情的"两部制"费率方法具有重要借鉴意义。为此,通过大量的资料调研,分析了美国管输费率的设计步骤以及不同时期管输费率设计方法的变迁,分析结果表明:随着固定成本在使用部分中分配比例降低,固定运输服务的使用费率及可中断运输服务费率的上下限均降低,而管道容量费率上升。此外,对不同负荷系数固定用户的输气成本分析表明:负荷系数越高或越低的用户,其输气成本对固定成本在商品和容量部分的分配比例变化更敏感,且存在一个临界用户负荷系数,当固定用户年负荷系数接近这一临界值时管道用户的年均输气成本基本不随成本分配比例的改变而变化。最后,基于我国当前天然气行业发展现状,提出我国输气干线"两部制"费率设计时应采用"服务成本"法,并实施逐步过渡的成本分类方案等。To study the development of the rate-making mechanism in the US has a great instructive reference meaning for the design of rate-making method, which suited the concrete condition of our country. A great number of data studies were performed to reveal the details of the rate-making method in the US, and we analyzed the change of rate-making methods over time. On this basis, we found that the commodity rate of firm transportation service will decrease, and the interruptible transportation service rates decrease also, both the upper and the lower limit, while the reservation rates of firm transportation will rise, when lower the proportion of fixed costs into the commodity component, we also discussed the different impact of-method change to customers with different load Factor. The results indicated that the final transportation cost of customers with lower or higher load Factor are more sensitive to the proportion of fixed cost allocation into the demand （or commodity） compo- nent; and there is a critical load Factor, consumers whose load Factor be close to the critical value, the average annual gas transmission cost of the pipeline users does not change with the change ofthe proportion oFthe cost allocation. Finally, based on the current situation of the natural gas industry of＇China, we propose adopting the cost-of-service method, and transitional cost classification method in the design of two-part tariffs.

关 键 词：天然气管输 州际管输服务市场 成本分配 “两部制”费率 负荷系数 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济] F764.1