白马人和羌族5项舌运动类型的研究  

Study on five tongue moving types in Baima people and Qiang nationality

作　　者：董文静[1,2] 宇克莉[1,2] 郑连斌[1,2] 魏榆 马彦霞[1] 张兴华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学天津市动植物抗性重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期70-76,共7页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31401022;31271283);科技部科技基础性工作专项资助项目(2015FY111700-3)

摘　　要：在四川省调查了230例(男93例,女137例)成年白马人和400例(男157例,女243例)羌族中学生的5项舌运动类型(卷舌、翻舌、叠舌、三叶舌、尖舌).研究结果表明:(1)白马人的5项舌运动中,女性的卷舌、叠舌和尖舌出现率高于男性.羌族中除了翻舌外,其余类型均是女性的出现率高于男性;(2)白马人的翻舌-卷舌、翻舌-尖舌存在相关,羌族的翻舌-卷舌、翻舌-叠舌、翻舌-尖舌、翻舌-三叶舌、三叶舌-卷舌、三叶舌-叠舌存在相关;(3)与国内的18个族群进行比较,白马人的卷舌率处于中等水平,其他4项指标处在较低水平.羌族的尖舌率和三叶舌率处在较低水平,卷舌率与叠舌率处在中等水平,翻舌率处在较高水平;(4)20个族群基于舌运动类型的聚类分析结果表明,白马人和羌族均与南方族群接近,白马人与布依族和四川资阳汉族的亲缘关系最近,羌族与四川凉山彝族的亲缘关系最为接近.A sample of 230 adults （93 males, 137 females） of Baima people and 400 middle school students （157 males, 243 females） of Qiang nationality in Sichuan Province was investigated on five tongue moving types, including tongue rolling, tongue twisting, tongue folding, clover-leaf tongue and pointed tongue. The results were as follows： （ 1 ）As for the sexual differences of five tongue moving types in Baima people, the frequencies of tongue rolling, tongue folding and pointed tongue in females were higher than those in males. As for Qiang nationality, the frequencies of four tongue moving types in females were higher than those in males, including tongue rolling, tongue folding, clover-leaf tongue and pointed tongue. （2）The tongue twisting had interactive relationship with the tongue rolling and pointed tongue in Baima people, and the tongue twisting had interactive relationship with tongue rolling, tongue folding, pointed tongue and clover-leaf tongue in Qiang nationality. Besides, The clover-leaf tongue had interactive relationship with the tongue rolling and tongue folding in Qiang nationality. （3）Compared with 18 ethnic groups in China, the frequency of tongue rolling of Baima people was in a middle level, while the frequencies of the other four tongue moving types were in low levels. As for Qiang nationality, the pointed tongue and clover-leaf tongue had lower frequencies, the tongue rolling and tongue folding had middle frequencies, and the tongue twisting had higher frequency. （4）Based on the cluster analysis of tongue moving types of 20 ethnic groups, Baima people and Qiang had close relationship with southern ethnic groups. Baima people had the closest relationships with Bouyei and Han in Ziyang of Sichuan Province, and Qiang nationality had the closest relationship with Yi nationality in Liangshan of Sichuan Province.

关 键 词：白马人 羌族 舌运动 聚类分析 

分 类 号：Q984[生物学—人类学]