中国南海历史性权利探析——以中菲南海仲裁案为视角  

A Study of China' s Historic Rights in SCS:from the Perspective of Arbitration Case between China and the Philippines

作　　者：樊文光[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2016年第4期57-68,123-124,共12页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

摘　　要：中国如何在南海主张不受《海洋法公约》调整的历史性权利,同时又受《公约》尊重,这是一大难题。造成这一困局的原因是中国南海权利主张本身存在两个缺陷:第一,试图以单一的历史性权利规则主张涵盖整个南海海域的权利,未能解决与《海洋法公约》相关条款的冲突。第二,以《海洋法公约》之外的法源主张区别于《公约》的历史性权利,但海洋权利内容又是《公约》框架内的事项,由此又落入《公约》的调整范围。对历史性权利的法源、性质和内容的阐明是中国南海权利主张的症结所在,只有对此作出有别于《公约》权利的主张,才能落入《公约》序言"未予以规定的事项,应继续以一般国际法的规则和原则为准据"的条款中,以此排除《公约》的适用。本文试图对历史性权利做全面解读,以此证实历史性权利是区别于《公约》权利的体系,不受《公约》调整;其次,试图处理历史性权利与《公约》权利的并存关系,以此证实历史性权利受《公约》尊重。With regard to the South China Sea disputes,China has found it difficult to claim its historic rights beyond jurisdiction of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea( UNCLOS) while having those claims recognized by the UNCLOS.The difficulty is rooted in two weaknesses of China' s claims: first,they tend to apply historic rights to all disputed areas in the South China Sea,which is in conflict with related clauses in the UNCLOS; second,the source of law on China' s claims of historic rights is different from that of the UNCLOS,whose jurisdiction covers disputes over maritime rights nonetheless. It can be found that only if China elaborates on the source of law,nature and contents of its historic rights in the South China Sea that are different from those of the UNCLOS,can it avoid being subject to jurisdiction of the UNCLOS on this issue by appealing to the 'Preamble'of the UNCLOS that affirms'that matters not regulated by this Convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law. 'Through a comprehensive analysis of historic rights,this paper argues that historic rights are different from other rights stipulated in the UNCLOS and thus shall not be put under the jurisdiction of the UNCLOS. The paper also explains the coexistence between historic rights and other rights stipulated in the UNCLOS,confirming that claims to historic rights should be respected by the UNCLOS.

关 键 词：历史性权利 海洋法公约 南海仲裁案 

分 类 号：D924.34[政治法律—刑法学]