低温冷害致灾机理研究进展及东北抗冷害防控策略  

Progress on Chilling Injury Causing Mechanism and Cold-resistance Strategy of Northeast China

作　　者：佟玉欣[1] 常本超[1] 李玉影[1] 刘双全[1] 姬景红[1] 魏丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室/黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2016年第7期138-142,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2015BAD23B05-06);国际植物营养研究所资助项目(IPNI)

摘　　要：为加强作物低温冷害研究,实现东北地区作物抗冷害减灾保产,探讨了低温对作物细胞分裂期到灌浆期的影响,以及不同生殖器官的冷害敏感程度。低温引起作物不孕,花粉和胚珠不孕,导致无法受精,进而影响籽粒灌浆。总结分析了低温胁迫的生理学原因,即:植物激素、糖类的变化。根据东北地区低温冷害的致灾机理,从筛选适宜作物品种、培肥地力、可降解地膜及秸秆覆盖、化学调控等方面入手,对东北地区作物抗冷害减损保产策略进行了概述。Cold temperature causes the enormous agricultural losses. The reproductive period is a vital phase in the life cycle of all annual plants, and metabolism during this phase ultimately determines crop yield, Plants exposed to cold temperature during reproduction show reduced metabolic rates leading to low yields. In order to strengthern the chilling damages for crops,realize the crops resistance to chilling injury and mitigation protect produced in northeast China, the effects of low temperature on various stages of the reproductive phase were studied, from meiosis to grain filling,and temperature sensitivity of different reproductive organs. Cold temperature induced flower abortion, pollen and ovule infertility, caused breakdown of fertilization and affected seed filling, which leading to low seed set and ultimately low grain yield. Physiological and metabolic bases of cold stress,including the role of phytohormones and sugar-induced regulation were reviewed,and future research directions investigating molecular and metabolomic changes during the development of the gynoecium during cold stress suggested. Based on chilling injury causing mechanism,cold-resistance strategy in northeast China with variety screening was outlined from soil fertility, film covering, residue covering and chemical regulation.

关 键 词：低温冷害 致灾机理 防控策略 

分 类 号：S426[农业科学—植物保护]