住居与家国(下):美国弗吉尼亚州国父故居之保护历史比较研究  

House and Nation(Ⅱ):A Comparative Study on the Historic Preservation of Three Houses of American Founding Fathers in Virginia

作　　者：刘亦师[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《世界建筑》2016年第7期118-123,共6页World Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目批准号:51308317);清华大学自主科研基金(2014z21034)

摘　　要：本文在系统考察美国弗吉尼亚州3处国父故居的建筑保护过程的基础上,比较从1850年代至今美国对于"伟人故居博物馆"这一类型在保护思想和方法上的变化与延续。美国早期的建筑保护运动显示了两个重要特征,即其为民间发起且女性在其中发挥了主导作用,文中3个案例皆与之相关。向公众灌输爱国思想和培育公民意识是美国历史建筑保护兴起的根本原因,对国父故居的保护既是这一思想形成的起点和集中体现,也反映出建筑保护在美国的国家建构和民族认同过程中的重要作用。Investigating the historic preservation of three house of American founding fathers-Washington＇s Mount Vernon,Jefferson＇s Monticello and Madison＇s Montpelier,this paper identifies changes and continuities of preserving ＂great man house museums＂ starting in the 1850 s through a comparative perspective.The early American preservation movement was characterized by its private initiations and the leading role of all-female associations as exemplified in the three cases.Patriotism and civic loyalty have been encouraged as the most significant goal in the preservation of these revered houses that contributes to modern American nation building and national identity formation.

关 键 词：伟人故居博物馆 历史保护 女性团体 弗农山庄 蒙蒂切洛 蒙特皮莱 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计]