积极刑法立法观在中国的确立  

作　　者：周光权[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院教授

出　　处：《法学研究》2016年第4期23-40,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“加快推进反腐败国家立法研究”(14ADZ139)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：晚近两个刑法修正案显示出刑法规制社会生活的范围拓展、力度增强,学界对此几乎一边倒地予以批判。这些批判基本从消极刑法立法观出发,其论证以古典理念型刑法思想为支撑,未能有效回应中国当下的社会情势。在刑法观念逐步转向功能主义、刑法与政策考虑紧密关联的今天,刑法的谦抑性并不反对及时增设一定数量的新罪;刑罚早期化与转型中国社会的发展存在内在联系;意欲建设法治国家,就必须将限制、剥夺公民人身权利的处罚事项纳入刑事司法的审查范围。积极刑法立法观的确立有其社会基础,也更符合时代精神。与之相匹配,未来中国的刑法立法从技术层面需要考虑进行相当规模的犯罪化,但处罚不能轻易由轻改重;增强立法的问题意识、难题意识和实证支撑,提升不法的直观性、可感性;对公众的情绪化呼吁保持足够的理性与警惕;建立与新设大量轻罪相契合的刑事程序;尽可能降低犯罪的附随负面效应,使罪犯能够顺利回归社会。The two latest amendments to Chinese Criminal Law demonstrate that China＇ s social life is increasingly influenced and regulated by criminal law. It seems that these amendments have been one- sidedly criticized by the academic community as instrumentalization and over-rapid expansion of the criminal law. They also criticize these amendments of violating the modesty principle. However, the foregoing criticisms are based on ＂the passive outlook on criminal legislation＂, which is supported by the ＂classical idea＂ of criminal law and fails to give an effective response to the current situation of Chinese society. Nowadays, the concept of criminal law is gradually developing toward functionism and criminal law is becoming closely interconnected with policies. The modesty principle does not oppose the establishment of certain number of new crimes in the criminal law. There is an internal rela- tionship between early imposition of criminal penalty and the development of transitional Chinese soci- ety. In order to build China into a country under the rule of law, it is necessary to put penalties restricting or depriving citizens＇ personal rights into the scope of criminal judicial review. The estab- lishment of ＂positive outlook on criminal legislation＂ has its social basis and is more compatible with the spirit of our times. In the future criminal legislation, China should consider a relatively large- scale criminalization, but avoid casually increasing the severity of penalties, improve the problem awareness and provide practical support in the legislative process, increase the visibility and percepti- bility of illegality, offer reasonable response to the emotional appeal from the public, set up criminal procedures to deal with the large number of new-established misdemeanors, and make efforts to reduce the negative effect of crimes, so as to facilitate the social rehabilitation of criminals.

关 键 词：刑法修正 古典刑法思想 谦抑性 积极刑法立法观 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]