生境模拟法在黑水河鱼类栖息地保护中的应用  

Application of Habitat Simulation to Fishery Habitat Protection in Heishui River

作　　者：傅菁菁[1] 黄滨[1] 芮建良[1] 谭升魁[1] 赵爽[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州310014 [2]浙江广播电视大学,浙江杭州310030

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2016年第3期70-75,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(编号:LQ14G030020)

摘　　要：为了解黑水河鱼类栖息地适宜性状况,研究行之有效的栖息地保护方案,采用基于河道内流量增加法(IFIM)原理的栖息地模拟方法,使用RIVER2D二维水动力学及栖息地模拟软件,以黑水河干流苏家湾水电站坝址至公德房水电站坝址河段为例,进行水动力模拟和鱼类栖息地适宜性模拟,通过加权有效栖息地面积(WUA),分析适宜物理栖息地的数量、质量和分布情况,评估研究河段的鱼类栖息地适宜性状况并探究存在的主要问题。结果显示,公德房库区河段水域面积较大,大部分河段适宜性指数较高,有效栖息地面积较大;减水河段河道内流量较小,大部分河段水深较浅,有效栖息地面积小,需要开展河道生境修复;在此基础上,研究了增加生态流量(坝址处多年平均流量的10%、12.5%、15%)条件下的改善效果,以及固定生态流量(坝址处多年平均流量10%)条件下进行河道整理的改善效果。经比较分析,提出了黑水河生境修复可采取河道整理为主,结合优化生态流量的保护方案。Heishui River is an important tributary of the lower Jinsha River with abundant fishery resources. However,exploitation of hydropower on the river has changed the natural flow regime and interrupted river continuity,resulting in habitat loss and the need for habitat conservation. Habitat evaluation is crucial for effective habitat restoration. To study fish habitat suitability and develop an effective habitat conservation program for Heishui River,a hydrodynamic and fish habitat suitability simulation was run from the dam at Sujiawan to Gongdefang hydropower station. The habitat and hydrodynamic simulation was based on the instream flow incremental methodology（ IFIM）,combined with the River2 D Hydrodynamic Model. The quantity,quality and distribution of suitable physical habitat were then analyzed and the weighted usable area（ WUA） and fish habitat suitability in the study area was evaluated and the main problems were identified. It is 3. 1 km from Sujiawan dam to Gongdefang hydropower station,including the Sujiawan reduced water segment（ 2. 3 km） and the open water of Gongdefang Reservoir（ 0. 8 km）. Results indicate the total water surface area in Gongdefang reservoir was 5. 71 hm2 during the dry season（ January）and fish spawning period（ May）,and the Weighted Usable Area（ WUA） was 1. 80 hm2. During the wet season,the total water area was 6. 29 hm2 and the WUA was 2. 13 hm2. The total water area of the Sujiawan reduced water segment was 3. 15 hm2 under the condition of ecological flow（ 4. 8 m3/ s） and the WUA was 0. 83 hm2. The water area in Gongdefang reservoir is large,the suitability index was high in most reaches,and the effective habitat area was large. The instream flow in the Sujiawan reduced water segment was small,mostly shallow,and the suitable habitat area was small,indicating a need for habitat restoration. Based on the results,two habitat restoration schemes in the Sujiawan reduced water segment were simulated： ecological flow increases amounting to 10%,12. 5% and 15

关 键 词：生境模拟法 鱼类栖息地 黑水河 

分 类 号：Q418[生物学—生理学]