农村大学生流失与社会秩序危机——潘光旦关于乡治问题的教育社会学分析  

The Decrease of Students from Rural Areas and the Crisis of Social Order——Analysis of Thoughts of Mr. Pan Guangdan on Rule of Villages by Education-Sociology

作　　者：卢立昕[1] 刘易平[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院 [2]四川省社会科学院

出　　处：《北京青年研究》2016年第3期16-26,共11页Beijing Youth Research

摘　　要：潘光旦认为,对于治理而言人才比物质、制度等更重要。近代以来乡治的最主要问题在于农村大学生外溢所致的地方人才匮乏。这与现代教育所致的农村人才外溢到城市有关:一方面,现代教育在内容上一反传统儒家的基于孝而维系家族或乡村的宗旨,这表现为儒家知识式微及地方性知识退场,另一面是教育的城市中心主义,表现为教育个人主义或国家主义。在资源与制度城市中心格局下,现代教育的接受者作为国家的人或自由个人而日益流向城市,以至乡村人才流失,现代知识分子对于乡村具有极强外生性,因其缺乏地方治理的德与才,故乡村日趋瘫痪。改善乡治要培育治人,需要乡村教育在地化,适度加强儒家知识与乡村知识,还宜限制教育的过分离乡化等。Mr. Panguangdan thought that local elites were more important than factors such as material and institutions. Rural order problems were related to the external flow of local elites.This was the result of modern education. on one hand, the content of modern education were quite contrary to that of the tradition in that Confucius knowledge centered on the rural order while modern knowledge＇s emergence led to retreat of traditional education. on the other hand, modern education＇s aim centered on cities. When materials and institutions were both city-oriented arranged, those who got modern education would left rural areas and come to the hugs of the cities. This would do damage to rural order. If we want to change this situation, the first thing to do is to review the modern education system and make education to be localized, besides more traditional knowledge should be put into the hearts of the students.

关 键 词：乡治 人才流失 在地化 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]