斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)雌、雄鱼核型及Ag-NORs带型分析  

KARYOTYPE AND AG-NORS IN MALE AND FEMALE OF OPLEGNATHUS PUNCTATUS

作　　者：薛蕊[1,2,3] 安皓[1,2,3] 刘清华[1,3] 肖志忠[1,3] 王彦丰[1,3] 李军[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所中国科学院实验海洋生物学重点实验室,青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生物学与生物技术功能实验室,青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2016年第3期626-632,共7页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：山东半岛重要海产品良种生态养殖与高值化产业链示范;KFJ-EW-STS-060号;鳌山科技创新计划;2015ASKJ02号;2015ASKJ02-03-03号

摘　　要：为研究斑石鲷雌、雄鱼染色体的形态与结构,本文采用植物血球凝集素(PHA)及秋水仙碱体内注射法,取头肾细胞采用冷滴片结合空气干燥的方法获取了斑石鲷雌、雄鱼染色体的中期分裂相,分别对其进行了常规的吉姆萨和硝酸银染色并进行核型和带型分析。结果显示:(1)雄性斑石鲷核型为2n=47、1m+2sm+44t、NF=50,雌性斑石鲷核型为2n=48、2sm+46t、NF=50。(2)斑石鲷雌、雄鱼染色体相对长度分别为(2.30±0.37)—(6.87±0.42)及(2.28±0.30)—(10.33±0.86),雄性斑石鲷具有一条体型巨大的异形中部着丝粒染色体,其相对长度达到其它染色体的2—5倍。(3)染色体经银染后,发现含有2个Ag-NORs位点的分裂相最多,位点位于一对亚中部着丝粒染色体短臂末端,呈短棒状,且具有活性异形现象。(4)本研究中雄性斑石鲷具有一条异形性染色体,可能是性染色体Y,我们推测其染色体的性别决定类型可能为X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y型。本研究为鲈形目鱼类的细胞遗传学研究提供了基础资料,并将为进一步开展斑石鲷遗传育种等研究奠定基础。To investigate the form and microstructure of chromosomes of Oplegnathus punctatus, we injected PHA and colchicines into fish body, received the metaphasic spreads of anterior kidney cells by dripping on cold slides in air-drying, processed the Giemsa staining and silver staining, and then analyzed the karyotype and Ag-NORs. Results show that the karyotype formula of the male was 2n=47, lm＋2sm＋44t and NF=50, and that of the female was 2n=48, 2sm＋46t and NF=50. Moreover, the relative length of chromosomes for male and female were （2.30±0.37） - （6.87±0.42） and （2.28±0.30） - （10.33±0.86）, respectively, and the male owned a extraordinary large specific metacentric chromosome whose relative length was 2-5 times of other chromosomes. After silver staining, the highest frequency of Ag-NORs number was one single pair, and Ag-NORs were located on the terminals of the short arms of one submetacentric chromosome pair in short-rod shape and showed active heteromorphism. Therefore, the male ones have a neo-sex chromosome, possibly a sex chromosome Y, and the sex chromosome system should be X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y. Meanwhile, the Ag-NORs are located at the terminals of submetacentric chromosomes. The study may provide basic data for cytogenetic research into Perciformes species, and lay foundation for further genetic breeding and other research activities on O. punctatus.

关 键 词：斑石鲷 异形染色体 性染色体 性染色体体系 核型分析 银染 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]