学龄前儿童流感嗜血杆菌感染的流行病学特征与耐药性研究  

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of H. influenzae in preschool children

作　　者：陶琪[1] 李永祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]嘉兴市妇幼保健院检验科,浙江嘉兴314051

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2016年第14期2114-2117,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的 了解学龄前儿童流感嗜血杆菌感染的流行病学特征及耐药性,为临床诊断和治疗该菌感染提供依据。方法回顾性分析2013年1月-2015年12月自本院就诊的〈6岁儿童分离的流感嗜血杆菌477株,按年龄分为3组（0岁~组、1岁~组、3岁~6岁组）,药敏试验采用纸片法（K-B）进行,采用头孢硝噻吩纸片法检测β-内酰胺酶,利用WHONET 5.6软件分析药敏试验数据。结果 477株流感嗜血杆菌在痰液和咽拭子中检出率较高,分别为10.2%和9.1%;0岁~1岁组患儿流感嗜血杆菌检出率显著高于其他年龄段,冬季检出率高于其他季节,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;β-内酰胺酶阳性率为36.7%,3年间该菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率呈普遍增长趋势,除氨苄西林、复方新诺明和氯霉素外,对多数抗菌药物仍保持良好的抗菌活性。结论 流感嗜血杆菌在呼吸道中检出率最高,感染人群主要为0岁~1岁婴幼儿,呈明显的季节性分布,耐药率呈逐年上升趋势。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of H. influeenzae in preschool children, so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this infection. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 477 strains of H. influenzaz isolated from preschool children in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015, the H. influenzae were divided into 3 groups according to age（0 -1 years old, 1 -3 years old, 3 -6 years old） ; the drug sensitivity test was performed by disk method（ K - B）, using nitrocefin disk method for the detection of β - lactamase, using WHONET 5.6 to analyze the data of drug sensitivity test. Results 477 strains of H. influenzae in sputum and throat swabs were with the highest isolation rate, which were 10.2% and 9.1% respectively; the isolation rate in children aged 0 - 1 years old was signifi- cantly higher than that in other age groups, separation rate was higher in winter than that in other seasons （P 〈 0.05 ） ; the β - lactamase positive rate was 36.7% ; in the 3 years the drug resistant rate of H. influenzae to commonly used antimicrobiat agent＇s showed a general increasing trend; in addition to ampicillin, cotrimoxaz01e and chloramphenicol, antimicrobial activity was still good for most of the antimicrobial agents. Conclusion The highest isolation rate of H. influenzae was in the respiratnry tract, and the main infection population was 0 - 1 years old infants and young children, so the seasonal distribution was obvious, and the resistant rate showed an increasing trend year by year.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 流感嗜血杆菌 流行病学特征 耐药性 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]