深水钻井井涌余量计算方法及压井方法选择  

Methodology for kick tolerance calculation and well killing in deepwater drilling

作　　者：金业权[1] 李成[1] 吴谦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2016年第7期68-73,共6页Natural Gas Industry

摘　　要：井涌余量是钻井过程中正确判断能否安全关井,以及采用何种方法压井的重要参数,目前对于深水钻井中井涌余量的计算仍存在诸多不足。为此,采用理论推导和实例验证的方法开展了深井钻井体积井涌余量计算方法的研究。以套管鞋处地层、套管抗内压、防喷器和节流装置4个对象的承压能力为约束条件,在考虑深水井筒温度剖面、节流管汇和环空循环压耗的基础上,建立了体积井涌余量的计算模型,并以南海某深水实例井的计算结果验证了模型的可靠性,最后得出该井可以安全关井且应用工程师法压井更为安全的结论。这与现场所采取的措施相符合。在此基础上与文献中所建立的未考虑温度和压耗的计算模型进行比较,分析了节流管汇、环空压耗以及井筒内温度对井涌余量大小的影响:如果不考虑压耗和温度的影响,会导致体积井涌余量变小,使得压井条件更苛刻。此外还研究了泥浆池增量与溢流发生深度对井涌余量的影响规律,提出了相应的提高井涌余量的技术措施。Kick tolerance is a key parameter to indicate whether shut-in operation can be carried out safely and a proper well killing method should be chosen in well drilling. At present, however, the calculation of kick tolerance in deepwater drilling is not efficient enough. In this paper, a calculation method for volume kick tolerance of deepwater drilling was developed by means of theoretical derivation and example verification. Based on deepwater borehole temperature profile, choke manifold and annulus circulating pressure loss, the calculation model of volume kick tolerance was established under the constraint of the pressure-bearing capacity of the formation at the casing shoe, resistance to internal pressure of casing, blowout preventer（BOP） and choke control. Then, its reliability was verified by using the calculation results of a deepwater well in the South China Sea. It is indicated that the well can be shut in safely and the well killing will be safer if the Engineer＇s Method is used. The result is in agreement with the measures that were adopted on site. Finally, the newly developed calculation model was compared with those which don＇t take temperature and pressure loss into account, and the effect of choke manifold, annulus pressure loss and temperature inside wellbore on kick tolerance was analyzed. It is shown that the volume kick tolerance will get smaller if the effect of pressure loss and temperature is not taken into account, and the well killing conditions will be more rigorous. In addition, the technical measures to increase kick tolerance were proposed after the influential laws of pit gain and overflow depth on kick tolerance were analyzed.

关 键 词：深水钻井 体积井涌余量 最大关井套压 压耗 井控 溢流 

分 类 号：TE52[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]