重庆三峡库区晚熟脐橙品质变化和适宜采收期研究  

Study on the Changes of Fruit Quality and Suitable Harvest Time of Late Season Navel Orange Varieties in the Three Gorges Area of Chongqing

作　　者：习建龙 袁高鹏[1] 彭良志[1] 袁梦[1] 张梦娇[1] 彭震宇[1] 淳长品[1] 江才伦[1] 付行政[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所/国家柑桔工程技术研究中心,重庆400712

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2016年第4期1-6,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27-02A);重庆市科委应用开发计划项目(cstc2013yykfA0107;cstc2014yykfA8003);江西省2011协同创新项目;重庆市科委晚熟柑桔优质高效栽培技术研究与示范项目(cstc2013yykfA80012)资助

摘　　要：为了解重庆三峡库区晚熟脐橙品质变化规律和确定其适宜采收期,在奉节县晚熟脐橙主产乡镇选择奉晚和鲍威尔脐橙的代表性果园各10个,2015年1—5月定期分别采集大果（横径80~85mm）和小果（横径60-70mm）进行品质分析。结果表明,相同时期,2个品种大果的单果质量、纵径、横径和皮厚均高于小果,但可食率、出汁率、可溶性固=形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、还原糖含量、转化糖含量及总糖含量大多显著低于小果。总体而言,随采果时期的推移,2个品种的可溶性固形物含量和固酸比上升,可滴定酸含量下降;2个品种的维生素C含量先减后增,多数在4月18日达最小值;2个品种的果面色差L值先减后增,在4月18日达到最小值;奉晚脐橙果面色差a值在3月18日最大,鲍威尔脐橙果面色差a值在1月18日最大;2个品种的果面色差b值均在1月18日最大。奉晚的果面色差a/b值先增后减,在3月18日达到最大值;鲍威尔的果面色差a/b值先减后增,在4月18日达到最小。奉晚脐橙果实成熟期和适宜采收期为4月中旬前后,鲍威尔脐橙为5月中旬;奉晚脐橙品质优于鲍威尔脐橙;同一品种,小果的品质优于大果。To investigate the quality changes and to evaluate suitable harvest time of late season navel oranges in the Three Gorges area of Chongqing,large size（diameter 80-85mm）and small size（diameter 60-70 mm）fruits of late season navel oranges of Fengwan and Powell were sampled from January to May 2015 from 10typical orchards in 6main production towns of Fengjie county for quality analysis.Results showed that at the same harvest time,the large size fruits had higher single fruit weight,diameter and peel thickness,but lower edible rate,juice yield,total soluble solids（TSS）,titratable acidity（TA）,Vc content,reducing sugar,invert sugar and total sugar than those of small ones for both Fengwan and Powell navel oranges.For two naval orange varieties,the TSS and TSS/TA increased,TA and the content of Vc decreased at first and reached the lowest value on April 18 th and then increased with the delay of harvest time.For the fruit color,with thedelay of harvest time,the L value of both naval orange varieties decreased at first and then increased,and reached the lowest value on April 18 th.The highest a value of Fengwan was on March18 th and Powell was on January 18 th,while the highest b value was on January 18 th for both varieties.The a/b value increased first and then decreased in Fengwan navel orange,and reached the highest value on March 18 th,while it decreased first and then increased in Powell navel orange,and reached the lowest value on April 18 th.In conclusion,the fruit maturation periods and suitable harvest times were mid-April for Fengwan and mid-May for Powell.The quality of Fengwan navel orange was better than that of Powell,and small size fruits were better than that of large size fruits.

关 键 词：晚熟脐橙 果实品质 适宜采收期 

分 类 号：S666.4[农业科学—果树学]