炭化稻壳复合土壤调理剂改善土壤环境提高山药产量  

Composite soil conditioner with carbonized rice husk improving soil environment and increasing yam yield

作　　者：张殊慧[1,2] 谢国强 韩晓日[1] 何蕊[1,2] 李金科 程宪国[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]九江农业科学院,九江332000 [4]瑞昌山药中心,瑞昌332200

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第15期150-156,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中国农业科学院院地协同创新课题资助;山药新品种"瑞山药"选育及高效种植模式研究(20142BBF60053)

摘　　要：山药的生长发育与土壤环境质量关系密切,因此,土壤质量的改善是提高山药抗性与产量的必要措施。本研究在江西瑞昌山药种植区通过施用土壤调理剂对山药土壤进行处理,旨在探明土壤调理剂对山药土壤理化性质和细菌微生物群落组成的影响,为山药土壤微生态环境的改良和栽培管理措施提供有效的技术支持。结果表明:1)土壤调理剂改变了土壤的理化性质,调理剂处理的土壤p H值、有机质含量、全氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、土壤含水量、团聚体几何平均直径、总孔隙度均增加,而土壤容重下降;2)与对照相比,调理剂处理的土壤中细菌多样性较丰富,其中酸杆菌门的相对丰度明显增加,变形菌门的相对丰度下降,GAL15和AD-3门的相对丰度明显下降,绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、芽单孢菌门的相对丰度明显增加,浮霉菌门的相对丰度明显下降,拟杆菌门的相对丰度明显增加;3)土壤调理剂增加了山药生长期叶片中叶绿素和脯氨酸的累积,提高了山药块茎组织超氧化物歧化酶的活性,提升了山药块茎抗病虫害能力及产量。研究表明土壤调理剂可通过改善土壤的理化性质及土壤中某些细菌的相对丰度,显著改善山药土壤的微生态环境,提高山药抗病虫害侵染能力,为山药品质改善及产量增加提供了有效的手段。The growth and development of yam（Dioscorea opposite L.） are closely related to the quality of soil.Therefore, improvement of soil quality is a crucial means to increase the quality and yield of yam. In this study, in order to explore the effects of soil conditioner on soil physical- chemical properties and bacterial community, to provide technology support for the improvement of soil environment and scientific management of yam cultivation, a special kind of soil conditioner, which was mainly constituted by carbonized rice husk and a few natural mineral substances,was applied in the plant region of yam in Ruichang of Jiangxi Province. The results showed that： 1） The soil conditioner significantly changed soil physical- chemical properties and there were significant increases in soil p H, organic matter,total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil moisture, geometric mean diameters of aggregates and total porosity, while soil bulk density in the treatment with soil conditioner decreased. 2） The high- throughput sequencing indicated that the treatment with soil conditioner significantly increased the diversity of soil bacterial community. The relative abundance of phyla Acidobacteria revealed a remarkable increase by 12.85%, but the relative abundance of phyla Proteobacteria decreased by 3.90% and the class γ Gammaprotebacteria decreased significantly compared to control treatment. The relative abundance of phyla GAL15, AD- 3 and Planctomycetes also decreased by7.50%, 4.40% and 0.95%, respectively compared to control. The relative abundance of phyla Chloroflexi,Verrucomicrobia, Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes in the soil with soil conditioner apparently increased by 1.95%,1.10%, 1.05% and 0.53%, respectively. 3） The soil conditioner not only increased the contents of chlorophyll and proline in the leaves of yam, but also significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in yam tuber tissues. At the same time, the application of soil conditioner facilitated the growth o

关 键 词：土壤调理剂 生产力 酶活性 理化性质 细菌群落 生理特性 山药 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]