近60年鄯善县地下水补排量演变与坎儿井流量衰减关系  

Relationship between groundwater recharge, discharge evolution and Karez flow attenuation in Shanshan County in nearly 60 years

作　　者：吴彬[1] 杜明亮[1] 杨鹏年[1] 李英连 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第16期102-108,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(41272277)

摘　　要：为揭示干旱区地下水补排量演变规律及其与坎儿井流量衰减的关系,通过梳理1949年以来鄯善县水资源开发利用、地下水资源调查评价资料,分析了地下水补排量的变化,划分地下水补排量演化的阶段。利用双变量相关分析法,分析了地下水主要补排量演化与坎儿井流量衰减之间的关系,并分析了其原因。结果表明:1)鄯善县地下水补排量的变化主要受人类活动影响,气候变化的影响微弱,且主要补排量变化的突变点与国家实施改革开放、西部大开发等政策的起始点相一致,政策是人为因素中的关键因素;2)坎儿井出流量与河道渗漏补给量、渠道渗漏补给量、田间入渗补给量、机井地下水开采量之间的相关系数依次为0.312、-0.327、-0.574、-0.959,说明坎儿井流量的衰减主要受机井开采地下水影响,其次为田间入渗补给量,河道和渠道(干支渠)渗漏补给影响较小;3)坎儿井出流量与地下水补排量的响应关系主要由其空间分布位置决定。该研究对坎儿井保护和超采区治理提供参考。In Turpan Basin, groundwater recharge and discharge system have been sharply changed due to excessive diversion of surface water and overexploitation of groundwater, so a series of ecological environment problems have been caused, such as Aydingkol Lake ecosystem deterioration, Karez flow attenuation and even drying up, land desertification, frequent sandstorm. Karez is an impressive hydraulic engineering project as well as a cultural achievement for over 2000 years. In order to preserve and revitalize some Karezes, multiple measures have been implemented. Based on the data of water use and groundwater evaluation in different period, groundwater budget was calculated, the evolution of groundwater recharge and discharge was analyzed, and the evolution stage was divided according to the variation curve over time. The relationship between groundwater system evolution and Karez flow attenuation was also analyzed using correlation analysis method. The results showed that： 1） Groundwater recharge and discharge were mainly affected by human activities. Annual rainfall was small and slightly showed a trend of decrease, and rainfall infiltration was negligible. The impact of climate change on groundwater system was negligible. River runoff increased slightly. But the river leakage decreased by around 1.0×108 m3 from 1956 to 2014. Channel leakage and field infiltration showed a trend of increase before 1990, reached the peak value of 0.359×108 and 0.168×108 m3 respectively, and then declined. Groundwater exploitation by well has experienced sustained increasing, reached the maximum of 3.536×108 m3 in 2010, and declined since 2011, and well production was 2.570×108 m3 in 2014. Karez flow increased in 1960 s to the maximum value of 2.173×108 m3, and after that decreased and drying up; only a flow yield of 0.5944×108 m3 was still provided to irrigation in 2014. Spring water, as well as Karez flow, reduced from 1.063×108 m^3 in 1958 to 0.0686×108 m^3 in 2010. The evaporation discharge of phreatic water decreased f

关 键 词：干旱 水 渠道 鄯善县 地下水系统演化 坎儿井流量衰减 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]