自进式旋转射流钻头破岩效果  

Rock breaking efficiency of the self-propelled swirling jet bit

作　　者：毕刚[1] 李根生[2] 屈展[1] 牛继磊[2] 黄中伟[2] 席仲琛 窦亮彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学石油工程学院,陕西西安710065 [2]中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《石油学报》2016年第5期680-687,共8页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：国家重大科技专项"煤层气水平井;多分支水平井钻井技术研究"(2011ZX05036-002);国家自然科学基金项目"力学与化学耦合下泥页岩井壁蠕变损伤失稳研究"(No.51174162);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划"超临界CO2微小井眼径向水平井开发煤层气机理研究"(2015JQ5147)资助

摘　　要：利用有限的排量实现高效的破岩效率并尽可能增大径向水平井眼的延伸能力是实施新型径向水平井技术的关键,射流钻头的性能是该关键技术要解决的首要问题。在多孔射流钻头的基础上,设计研制了自进式旋转射流钻头,分析了其工作原理,并通过试验对自进式单孔旋转射流钻头、自进式单孔直旋混合射流钻头、自进式多孔旋转射流钻头以及自进式多孔直旋混合射流钻头随时间、射流压力和喷距的破岩钻孔规律进行了研究。研究结果表明：当喷距范围为9~12 mm、射流压力为20~35 MPa时,在相同的射流压力和喷距条件下,自进式多孔直旋混合射流钻头的破岩效果优于自进式多孔旋转射流钻头,其中1＋4孔的多孔直旋混合射流钻头的破岩效果最好。设计得到的新型射流钻头可以提高径向水平井的钻进速度。To achieve high rock breaking efficiency using the limited discharge rate and increase the extension capacity of radial horizontalwellbore is a key to perform new radial horizontal well technology. The performance of jet bit is the primary problem solved bythis key technology. Based on the multi-jet bit, the authors developed a self-propelled swirling jet bit, and analyzed its working principle.Based on experiments, a study was conducted on the rock breaking and drilling laws of jet bits with the changes in time, jetpressure and standoff distance, including self-propelled swirling single-hole jet bit, self-propelled straight-swirling single-hole jet bit,self-propelled swirling multi-hole jet bit and self-propelled straight-swirling multi-hole jet bit. The results indicate that when standoffdistance is 9-12 mm and jet pressure is 20-35 MPa, and under the same conditions of standoff distance and jet pressure, the rockbreaking efficiency of self-propelled straight-swirling multi-hole jet bit is better than that of self-propelled swirling multi-hole jet bit,and that of self-propelled straight-swirling multi-hole jet bit （1 ＋ 4 holes） was optimal. The designed new jet bit is able to improvethe drilling rate of radial horizontal well.

关 键 词：旋转射流 直旋混合射流 单孔射流 多孔射流 破岩效果 

分 类 号：TE246[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]