关于改进我国水资源区分类体系的探讨——基于水资源管理范围演进的视角  

A Discussion on Improving the Water Resources Zoning System in China: Based on the Perspective of the Evolution of Water Resources Management Scope

作　　者：胡德胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期21-26,共6页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：教育部社科研究基金规划项目"基于水资源可再生能力的我国生态系统保护机制研究"(10YJAZH027)

摘　　要：分析了人类开发利用和管理水资源的历史演进,总结得出人类开发利用水资源的范围经历了"点→干流线段→干流线→河系网→流域面→立体(地表水、地下水、雨水和空中水并用)"的历史演进,水资源管理活动对此也进行了响应。环境科学、特别是生态学的研究成果推动了流域和流域水资源管理的发展,催生了不同发展阶段的流域水资源管理模式。总结了流域理论的发展历程,介绍了流域水资源管理的6种基本模式,并指出一体化水资源管理及一体化流域管理已经成为目前治水的主流思维。基于我国需要实行流域管理和行政区域管理相结合、统一管理和分级管理相结合的管理体制这一主张,针对最严格水资源管理制度在实施中的困难,提出了构建动态的多尺度水资源区分类体系的框架性建议。The historical evolution of water resources utilized and managed by the human beings was analyzed in the paper,and it was concluded that the exploitation of water resources has been experiencing an evolution of ＂ point→line segment of part stem stream→line segment of whole stem stream→web of river system→surface of river basin→three dimension（ utilizing surface water,groundwater,rainwater and atmospheric water simultaneously） ＂. Water resources management has been reflecting this evolution. The achievements of environmental science and（ especially） ecology have promoted the development of sciences on basin and basin water resources management,and stimulated the birth to basin water resources management models at / for different development stages. The development history of basin theory was summarized,six kinds of basic modes of basin water resources management were introduced,and it is pointed out that the integrated water resources management and integrated basin management have become the mainstream thinking of flood control at present. On the basis of the proposition that China needs to implement a management system of combining river basin management with administrative region management while combining unified management with graded management,in view of difficulties in implementing the strictest water resources management system,the framework suggestion on constructing a dynamic multi-scale water resource zoning system was put forward.

关 键 词：历史考察 水资源管理 流域管理 水资源区分类体系 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]